Social Research Methods 5th Canadian Edition Alan Bryman, Edward Bell - Solutions

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Select any article from a copy of an arts/events journal and (a) identify the key concepts used in the article, and (b) draw a simple concept map to show how the concepts are related.
Select three articles from an issue of an arts/events journal and identify the basis of their choice of research topic.
What are the differences between a self-generated research proposal and a responsive research proposal and what implications do they have for the content of the two types of proposal?
What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?
What is a conceptual framework?
What is meant by ‘operationalisation’ of a concept?
What is a concept?
In this chapter, it is suggested that a research topic might arise from eight different sources.What are the eight sources?
Select an issue of a relevant journal at twoyearly intervals over 10 or 12 years and summarise the apparent change over time in the topics addressed and methods used in the articles.
Using the same journal issue as in exercise 1, determine whether the articles are:a) empirical or non-empirical;b) deductive or inductive;c) positivist or interpretive.
Examine any issue of an arts and events studiesrelated journal and classify the articles into disciplinary areas. Contrast the key questions which each article is addressing.
What are validity and reliability?
What are the basic differences between qualitative and quantitative research?
What is the basic difference between selfreported and observed data?
What is the basic difference between primary and secondary data?
What are the basic differences between experimental and nonexperimental research?
What are the basic differences between the positivist and the interpretive approach to research?
What are the basic differences between descriptive and explanatory research?
What are the basic differences between the inductive and deductive approaches to research?
What are the basic differences between empirical and nonempirical research?
What are the basic differences between theoretical and applied research?
Using the same journal edition as in exercise 3, examine each article and determine whether the research is descriptive, explanatory or evaluative.
Repeat exercise 3 but using an edition of a journal outside the cultural field, for example a sociology journal or a physics journal.
Take an edition of a journal in the culture/events sector, such as one of those listed on page 19, and ascertain, for each article: why the research was conducted; how it was funded; and who or what organisations are likely to benefit from the research and how.
Choose an art/cultural institution and investigate the extent of its research activity. What proportion of its budget does it devote to research? What research has it carried out? How are the results of the research used, by the organisation or others?
Choose a cultural organisation with which you are familiar and outline ways in which it might use research to pursue its objectives.
Why does academic research often appear to be irrelevant to the needs of practitioners?
Outline three of the six topics, as put forward in this chapter, on which managers might conduct or commission research.
Name three of the seven formats which research reports might take, as put forward in this chapter, and outline their basic features.
Summarise the potential role of research in three of the ten steps in the rational–comprehensive model of the policy-making/planning/management process presented in this chapter.
What are the broad differences between policy making, planning and management, as presented in this chapter?
Outline the differences between descriptive, explanatory and evaluative research.
What is the difference between research and journalism?
Assume you have done ethnographic work with police officers by doing a series of “ride alongs”with a team of two officers, one of whom is male and the other female. Write a one-page, hypothetical realist tale about what you have observed, then criticize it from a postmodern perspective?
What are the main characteristics of the realist tale in ethnographic writing? What other forms can such writing take?
What is reflexivity? Explain why reflexivity would be especially important when doing research on socially marginalized groups such as Indigenous people living in poverty?
Why has postmodernism stimulated interest in the writing up of social research?
Read an article based on qualitative research in a Canadian sociology journal. To what extent does it exhibit the characteristics identified in Beardsworth and Keil’s (1992) article?
How does the structure of Beardsworth and Keil’s article differ from that of Kelley and De Graaf’s piece?
Read an article based on quantitative research in a Canadian sociology journal (such as the Canadian Journal of Sociology or the Canadian Review of Sociology). To what extent does it exhibit the characteristics identified in Kelley and De Graaf’s(1997) article?
Why are strategies to convince and persuade important in writing up quantitative social research?
Is multi-strategy research necessarily superior to single-strategy research? Describe a specific, hypothetical instance in which it would be superior, and one in which it would not.
Why has multi-strategy research become more prominent?
Traditionally, qualitative research is depicted as having a preparatory role in relation to quantitative research. To what extent do the different forms of multi-strategy research reflect this view? How can quantitative studies of conservative political attitudes be a precursor to qualitative
What are the chief ways in which quantitative and qualitative research have been combined?
Explain how multi-strategy research could be carried out on the topic of white-collar crime.
What are the epistemological and technical arguments regarding the prospect of combining quantitative and qualitative research? What are their implications for multi-strategy research?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the embedded methods and paradigm arguments against multi-strategy research that combines quantitative survey approaches with qualitative interviewing?
What is multi-strategy research?
Should there be more quantification in qualitative studies? What are some drawbacks to increased quantification in qualitative research? Explain your answer to these questions as they would pertain to a qualitative content analysis of a local gay pride parade.
What is meant by quantification in qualitative research?
Assess the significance of Hodson’s (1996; 1999) research on workplace ethnographies. How can it be used to evaluate the embedded methods argument?
What is a meta-ethnography?
How can ethnostatistics inform the debate about whether quantitative and qualitative research are based on incompatible paradigms?
What is ethnostatistics and why is it used?
Explain how grounded theory methods could be used to develop a theory of the relationship between body shaming and the use of social media, then describe how this sort of research can be thought of as a form of theory testing.
Outline some of the ways in which the quantitative/qualitative contrast is not as hard and fast as is often supposed.
You decide to do a secondary analysis of quantitative data taken from the General Social Survey, Victimization Study. You have no preconceived theoretical position when you begin, but decide to see if there is any association between gender and fear of crime. How does your approach deviate from a
How closely tied are research methods to epistemological and ontological positions? Explain.
You do a quantitative content analysis that examines the portrayal of women in detergent commercials. How might your study be constructivist in nature?
Under what circumstances can some quantitative research be constructivist?
A quantitative researcher finds that 25 per cent of the people aged 18–25 in a national sample have no intention of voting in the next federal election, while the figure for people aged 65 and over is only 10 per cent. Explain this difference, making reference to how people at different ages may
Under what circumstances can some quantitative research exhibit characteristics of interpretivism?
A qualitative researcher finds that many of the homeless people she encounters in her fieldwork have addiction issues. How might she use that finding to launch a quantitative study?
Under what circumstances can some qualitative research use a natural science model?
Come up with a research question pertaining to gender roles that can be answered using narrative analysis.
Explain how the emphasis on stories in narrative analysis represents a distinctive approach to the production and analysis of qualitative data.
How realistic is the assumption in grounded theory that a researcher can begin to collect data without being influenced by existing theories and concepts? Explain.
Charmaz wrote that theoretical sampling “represents a defining property of grounded theory”(2000, p. 519). Why do you think she feels this way?R What are some of the main criticisms of grounded theory?
What is theoretical sampling?
You are conducting grounded theory research on divorced couples, using data derived from qualitative interviews. What concepts might emerge when you begin open coding?
What are the main features of grounded theory?What are the different types of coding used in grounded theory?
Why is analytic induction a rarely used approach?
What are the main components of analytic induction?
How might the need for coders to interpret meaning undermine latent content analysis?
Explain how content analysis can be used as a form of longitudinal analysis.
Should all researchers doing CA and DA make reference to macro political and social factors in their studies? Explain.
Why do critical discourse analysts make reference to power structures, systems of inequality, and other political and sociological factors in their work?
Evaluate the argument that CA should examine a participant’s motives.
Explain what each of the following means:“turn-taking,” “adjacency pairs,” “preference organization,” “repair mechanism.” How do they relate to the production of social order?
Why are “used” cars sometimes referred to as“pre-owned”?
What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning?
You’ve chosen to analyze the private documents of a major oil company, but the company will only provide you with materials that have been cleared by its public relations department. Prepare a summary of what you do not expect to find in the documents.
What kinds of documents may be considered private official documents? How do these documents fare in terms of Scott’s criteria?
You’ve decided to do a content analysis of Question Period in the House of Commons, using Hansard as a source. Pick an issue to be analyzed, and explain what words or expressions you would search for to provide information on it.
How might official government documents be biased? How do these documents fare in terms of Scott’s criteria?
Go online and take a look at the Mackenzie King diaries. What themes would you want to analyze if you were to do a content analysis of this information?
List the different kinds of personal documents and rank them in terms of Scott’s four criteria.
Should there be a fifth criterion for assessing documents? If so, what should it be?
What types of material may serve as “documents”in social research?
Is one method more in tune with the research needs of qualitative researchers than the other?Explain, using the topic of intimate partner violence to illustrate your answer.
Outline the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative interviewing (without immersion in a social setting) compared to ethnography.
Explain why focus groups may be superior to other methods of inquiry for giving a voice to highly marginalized women.
Why are qualitative interviews so prominent in feminist research?
Can online, text-based personal interviews really be personal interviews? To what extent does the absence of direct contact mean that the online interview cannot be a true interview? Explain.
What are the pros and cons of doing online personal interviews?
“The interaction that takes place in a focus group is not more ‘natural’ than what transpires in a oneon-one qualitative interview.” Discuss.
Why is it important to examine group interaction when analyzing focus group data?
You’ve decided to conduct a focus group using university students to explore the topic of cheating on exams. Would it be better to use students who already know each other, or students who don’t?Explain.
Are there any circumstances in which it is an advantage to select participants who know each other? Explain.

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Social Research Methods 5th Canadian Edition Alan Bryman, Edward Bell - Solutions

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