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business
business research methods
Business Research Methods 5th Edition Emma Bell, Bill Harley, Alan Bryman - Solutions
What is the difference between definitive and sensitizing concepts?
How have some writers adapted the notions of reliability and validity to qualitative research?
Why have some writers sought alternative criteria for the evaluation of qualitative research?
Evaluate Lincoln and Guba’s criteria.
What is respondent validation?
What is triangulation? The main preoccupations of qualitative researchers
Outline the main preoccupations of qualitative researchers.
How do these preoccupations differ from those of quantitative researchers, which were considered in Chapter 8?
What are some of the main criticisms that are frequently levelled at qualitative research?
To what extent do these criticisms reflect the preoccupations of quantitative research?
Can qualitative research be employed in relation to hypothesis testing? Some contrasts and similarities between quantitative and qualitative research
‘The difference between quantitative and qualitative research revolves entirely around the concern with numbers in the former and with words in the latter.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Researcher–participant relationships
What is action research?
What is participatory organizational research and how has it been used by business researchers?
What is the relationship between feminism and qualitative research and how might this be important in the study of business and management?
What are the distinguishing features of indigenous and postcolonial methodologies and how can they be applied in business research?
How does purposive sampling differ from probability sampling, and why do many qualitative researchers prefer to use the former?
In what circumstances might you employ snowball sampling?
Why might it be significant to distinguish between the different levels at which sampling can take place in a qualitative research project?
Why is theoretical sampling such an important facet of grounded theory?
How does theoretical sampling differ from the generic purposive sampling approach?
Why is theoretical saturation such an important ingredient of theoretical sampling?
What are the main reasons for considering the use of snowball sampling?
Why do writers seem to disagree so much on what is a minimum acceptable sample size in qualitative research?
To what extent does theoretical sampling assist the qualitative researcher in making decisions about sample size?
Why might it be important to remember in purposive sampling that it is not just people who are candidates for consideration in sampling issues?
How might it be useful to select people purposively following a survey?
Determine the type of studies needed to answer the question
Conduct a detailed search for literature to identify those studies
Sift through the search to identify the ones appropriate for the review
Critically evaluate the included studies
Synthesize the studies and assess heterogeneity among the findings
Disseminate the findings of the review.
Does not clearly relate the findings of the literature review to the researcher’s own study;
Does not take sufficient time to define the best descriptors and identify the best sources to use in reviewing literature related to the topic;
Relies on secondary sources rather than on primary sources in reviewing the literature;
Uncritically accepts another researcher’s findings and interpretations as valid, rather than examining critically all aspects of the research design and analysis;
Does not report the search procedures that were used in the literature review;
Reports isolated statistical results rather than synthesizing them by chisquare or meta-analytic methods; and
Does not consider contrary findings and alternative interpretations in synthesizing quantitative literature.
Is it possible to distinguish ethnography and participant observation?
To what extent do participant observation and ethnography rely solely on observation?
What distinguishes organizational ethnography from other forms of ethnography?
‘Covert ethnography obviates the need to gain access to inaccessible settings and therefore has much to recommend it.’ Discuss.
Examine some articles in business and management journals in which ethnography and participant observation figure strongly. Was the researcher in an overt or a covert role? How was access achieved?
Does the problem of access finish once access to a chosen setting has been achieved?
What might be the role of key informants in ethnographic research? Is there anything to be concerned about when using them?
How does Gold’s scheme classify participant observer roles?
Should ethnographers be active or passive in the settings in which they conduct research?
How does shadowing differ from participant observation?
Why are field notes important for ethnographers?
Why is it useful to distinguish between different types of field notes?
How do you decide when to cease data collection in ethnographic research?
What are the main features of feminist ethnography?
What are the main features of global ethnography?
How has ethnography been adapted to collect data via the internet?
What role can visual materials play in ethnography?
What distinguishes visual ethnography from other research methods that focus on visual data?
Why are some ethnographic styles of writing imbued with realism?
What are the main characteristics of realist tales?
What forms of ethnographic writing other than realist tales can be found?
What are the implications of the linguistic turn for ethnographic writing?
How does qualitative interviewing differ from structured interviewing?
What kinds of skill does the interviewer need to develop in qualitative interviewing?
What kinds of consideration need to be borne in mind when preparing an interview guide?
What are the differences between unstructured and semi-structured interviewing?
Could semi-structured interviewing stand in the way of flexibility in qualitative research?
What kinds of question might be asked in an interview guide?
Why is it important to record and transcribe qualitative interviews?
What are the differences between life history and oral history interviews?
Why has the qualitative interview become such a prominent research method for feminist researchers?
What dilemmas might be posed for feminist researchers using qualitative interviewing?
Outline the relative advantages and disadvantages of qualitative interviewing.
Why might it be useful to distinguish between a focus group and a group interview?
What advantages might the focus group method offer in contrast to an individual qualitative interview?
How involved should the moderator be?
Why is it necessary to record and transcribe focus group sessions?
Are there any circumstances in which it might be a good idea to select participants who know each other?
What might be the advantages and disadvantages of using an interview guide in focus group sessions?
Why might it be important to treat group interaction as an important issue when analysing focus group data?
Evaluate the argument that the focus group can be supportive of oppressed and marginalized groups in organizations and society.
To what extent are focus groups a naturalistic approach to data collection?
Does the potential for the loss of control over proceedings and group effects damage the potential utility of the focus group as a method?
How far do the greater problems of transcription and difficulty of analysis undermine the potential of focus groups?
What is the significance of saying that discourse analysis is anti-realist and constructionist?
What is an interpretative repertoire?
What questions might a critical discourse analyst ask in seeking to reveal the meaning of current discourses about mindfulness in the workplace?
Why is the notion of intertextuality important to critical discourse analysts?
What is the main purpose of seeking to uncover organizational stories?
How is it that the writing-up of research is in itself a process of narrative construction?
List some of the main areas of business and management where rhetorical analysis has been applied and explain why rhetorical analysis is useful in understanding them.
What three basic assumptions underpin the conversation analyst’s approach?
List three of the notational symbols used in conversation analysis.
What are the main criticisms of fine-grained approaches?
What is meant by a document?
What are John Scott’s four criteria for assessing documents?
How can diaries be used in business research?
How do they fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?
What do the studies by Turner, Colville et al., and Cornelissen et al. suggest in terms of the potential for business researchers to use official documents?
How do such documents fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?
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