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business
business research methods
Business Research Methods 5th Edition Emma Bell, Bill Harley, Alan Bryman - Solutions
What kinds of documents might be obtained from organizational sources?
How do such documents fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?
What kinds of documents are media outputs?
How do such documents fare in terms of John Scott’s criteria?
Name three ways that photographs can be used as a source of data in business research and explain the differences between them. Documents as ‘texts’
What is a text?
What ontological assumptions about the nature of reality are implied by the use of this term?
How does qualitative content analysis differ from the kind of content analysis discussed in Chapter 13?
What is a sign? How central is it to semiotics?
What is the difference between denotative meaning and connotative meaning?
What is historical analysis and how can it be applied in business research?
What criteria can be used to identify themes, and how should you search for them in your data?
What are the main tools and outcomes of grounded theory?
What is the role of coding in grounded theory and what are the different types of coding?
What is in vivo coding?
What is the role of memos in grounded theory?
Charmaz has written that theoretical sampling ‘represents a defining property of grounded theory’ (2000: 519). Why do you think she feels this is the case?
What are the main criticisms of grounded theory?
Is coding associated solely with grounded theory?
What are the main steps in coding?
To what extent does coding result in excessive fragmentation of data?
To what extent does narrative analysis provide an alternative to data fragmentation?
How feasible is it for researchers to analyse qualitative data collected by another researcher?
What are the main points of difference between CAQDAS and quantitative data analysis software such as SPSS?
Why is the use of CAQDAS controversial?
To what extent does CAQDAS help with qualitative data analysis?
What is the difference between a non-hierarchically organized node and a hierarchically organized node?
Do nodes have to be set up in advance? How does your analysis change if you create nodes while coding?
In NVivo, what is the difference between a document and a memo?
How do you go about searching for a single node and the intersection of two nodes?
Why might it be useful to display coding stripes?
How do you search for specific data?
What is meant by ‘business research’?
What is distinctive about academic business research?
Why do business research?
If you were to start a research project now or in the near future, what would you study and why?
What contextual factors affect the practice of business research and researchers’ choice of methods?
What are the differences between mode 1 and mode 2 forms of knowledge production and why is this distinction important?
What are ‘wicked problems’ and how might business researchers be involved in addressing them?
Why is a literature review important when conducting business research?
What role do concepts and theories play in the process of business research?
Why are researchers encouraged to specify their research questions? What are the different kinds of research question?
Why do researchers need to sample? Why is it important for them to outline the principles that underpin their sampling choices?
What are the main differences between the kinds of data analysed by Elsesser and Lever (2011) and by Clarke et al. (2012)?
How might you structure a report of the findings of a research project that you conducted? The messiness of business research
If research does not always go according to plan, why should we bother to learn business research methods at all?
If you had to conduct some business research now, what would the topic be and what factors would influence your choice? How important was theory in your consideration?
Outline, using examples of your own, the difference between grand and middle-range theory.
What are the differences between inductive and deductive theory, and why is the distinction important? Philosophical assumptions in business research
What are the four main paradigms identified by Burrell and Morgan, and how do they shape the type of research that is likely to be conducted? Ontological considerations
What are the main differences between epistemological and ontological considerations?
What is meant by objectivism and constructionism?
Which theoretical ideas have been particularly instrumental in the growth of interest in qualitative research?
What are the main arguments for and against paradigm commensurability within management and business research? Epistemological considerations
What is meant by each of the following terms: positivism, realism, and interpretivism? Why is it important to understand each of them?
What are the implications of epistemological considerations for research practice?
Outline the main differences between quantitative and qualitative research in terms of the relationship between theory and data; epistemological considerations; ontological considerations.
To what extent is quantitative research solely concerned with testing theories and qualitative research with generating theories? Influences on the conduct of business research
How might your own personal values influence your choice of research topic?
If you were undertaking a research project now, list the three most important practical issues that you would need to take into consideration in planning your project
What are the main differences between the following: a research method; a research strategy; and a research design? Quality criteria in business research
What are the differences between reliability and validity and why are these important criteria for the evaluation of business research?
Outline the meaning of each of the following: measurement validity; internal validity; external validity; and ecological validity.
Why have some qualitative researchers sought to devise alternative criteria besides reliability and validity when assessing the quality of investigations?
What is the ‘experimenter effect’ and how might it contribute towards bias?
What is ‘social desirability bias’ and how might its effects be reduced?
What are the main research designs that have been outlined in this chapter?
Why is level of analysis a particular consideration in business research? Experimental design
‘The main importance of the experimental design for the business researcher is that it represents a model of how to infer causal connections between variables.’ Discuss.
Following on from the last question, if experimental design is so useful and important, why is it not used more in business research?
What is a quasi-experiment? Cross-sectional design
What is meant by a cross-sectional research design?
In what ways does the social survey exemplify the cross-sectional research design?
Assess the degree to which the survey researcher can achieve internally valid findings.
To what extent is the survey design exclusive to quantitative research? Longitudinal design
Why might a longitudinal research design be superior to a cross-sectional one?
What are the main differences between panel and cohort designs in longitudinal research? Case study design
What is a case study?
Is case study research exclusive to qualitative research?
What are some of the principles by which cases might be selected? Comparative design
What are the chief strengths of a comparative research design?
Why might comparative research yield important insights?
What are the main advantages and disadvantages associated with using a Gantt chart to plan your research? Developing suitable research questions
What are the main sources of research questions?
What are the main steps involved in developing research questions?
What criteria can be used to evaluate research questions? Writing your research proposal
What is the purpose of the research proposal and how should it be used?
What are the main reasons for writing a literature review?
How can you ensure that you get the most from your reading?
What are the main advantages and disadvantages associated with systematic review?
What type of research question or puzzle is systematic review most suited to addressing?
What are the main reasons for conducting a narrative literature review?
What type of research does narrative review work best for? Searching the existing literature
What are the main ways of finding existing literature on your subject?
What is a keyword and how is it useful in searching the literature? Referencing your work
Why is it important to reference your work?
What are the two main referencing styles used in academic work and which of these is preferred by your university?
What is the role of the bibliography and what makes a good one? Avoiding plagiarism
What is plagiarism?
Why is it taken so seriously by researchers?
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