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computer science
digital systems principles and application

Questions and Answers of Digital Systems Principles And Application

What does PLD stand for?
What is the role of the ENTITY declaration?
Use DeMorgan’s theorems to convert the expression to one that has only single-variable inversions. Z= (A + B). C
A circuit has more inputs than your application needs. The extra inputs will not affect your application if they are LOW. Should you apply a variable or a constant? What would be a good name for this
What is the output state of the four-input circuit represented in Figure 3-1(c) when all inputs except B are 1?Figure 3-1(c) A B 0 0 400 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
What appears inside the parentheses ( ) after SUBDESIGN?
What is the designation used for intermediate variables?
What is the only set of input conditions that will produce a LOW output for any OR gate?
How many different ways do we now have to implement the inversion operation in a logic circuit?
What is the only input combination that will produce a HIGH at the output of a five-input AND gate?
The output of the AND gate in Figure 3-7 is connected to the input of an INVERTER. Write the truth table showing the INVERTER output, y, for each combination of inputs A and B.Figure 3-7
What logic level should be applied to the second input of a two-input AND gate if the logic signal at the first input is to be inhibited (prevented) from reaching the output?
In Figure 3-15(b), change each AND gate to an OR gate, and each OR gate to an AND gate. Then write the expression for x.Figure 3-15(b) B O D E A+B (A + B)C (A + B)C D+ (A + B)C x = [D +(A + B)C] . E
Use the expression for x to determine the output of the circuit in Figure 3-15(b) for the conditions A = B = E = 1, C = D = 0.Figure 3-15(b) A B C D E A + B (A + B)C (b) (A + B)C D+ (A + B)C x= [D+
Where are these signals declared?
Repeat question 1 for the circuit of Figure 3-38(b).Figure 3-38(b).Data from question 1Use the method of Examples 3-22 to determine the input conditions needed to activate the output of the circuit
Repeat question 1 for the alternate NOR gate symbol.Data from Question 1Write the interpretation of the operation performed by the standard NOR gate symbol in Figure 3-33Figure 3-33
Draw the circuit diagram for the expression - y = AC + BC + ABC.
Determine the output level in Figure 3-24 for A = B = 1, C = D = 0.Figure 3-24 D 0 B A C + D 1 0 1 x = AB(C + D)
Where are time measurements taken when transitions are not vertical?
Use theorems (13) and (8) to simplifyTheorem 8Theorem 13 y= ABCD + ABCD.
Name two tools available in Quartus II software.
What is the purpose of an HDL?
How are the circuits reconfigured electronically in a PLD?
Which key section defines the operation of the circuit?
Repeat question 1 for the expressionData from Question 1Use DeMorgan’s theorems to convert the expression to one that has only single-variable inversions. y = RST + Q.
The quadrature encoder (two-bit Gray code) described in Chapter 2 has its two channels A and B connected as inputs to a logic circuit. Should these inputs be labeled as variables or constants? What
Repeat question 1 for the following input conditions: A = 1, B = 0, C = 1, D = 0.Data from question 1What is the output state of the four-input circuit represented in Figure 3-1(c) when all inputs
What appears between BEGIN and END?
Implement the expression x = (A + B)(C + D) using OR and AND gates. Then implement the expression using only NOR gates by converting each OR and AND gate to its NOR implementation from Figure 3-30.
Where are these variables declared?
Determine the answers to Questions 1 and 2 by finding the logic levels present at each gate output using a table as in Figure 3-16.Figure 3-16Data from Question 1Use the expression for x to determine
Write the Boolean expression for a six-input OR gate.
True or false: An AND gate output will always differ from an OR gate output for the same input conditions.
Does it matter whether the m or y equation comes first in VHDL?
Repeat question 1 for the alternate AND gate symbol.Data from Question 1Write the interpretation of the operation performed by the standard NOR gate symbol in Figure 3-33Figure 3-33
How many NAND gates are shown in Figure 3-39?Figure 3-39 RD ROM-A ROM-B RAM X W V MEM
Draw the circuit diagram for x= [D+ (A + B)C]. E.
Change the NOR gate of Figure 3-24 to a NAND gate, and change the NAND to a NOR. What is the new expression for x?Figure 3-24 D 0 B A C + D 1 0 1 x = AB(C + D)
Use theorems (13) and (15b) to simplifyTheorem 13Theorem 15 b y = AD + ABD.
What is the parameter that measures the time after the input changes until the output can switch from HIGH to LOW?
What is the purpose of a computer programming language?
What does a compiler do?
What is the assignment operator used to give a value to a logic signal?
Define Boolean algebra.
Implement a circuit having output expression using only a NOR gate and an INVERTER. z = A BC
How many table entries are needed for a five-input circuit?
If the A input in Figure 3-6 is permanently kept at the 1 level, what will the resultant output waveform be?Figure 3-6 B C OUT Time A B OUT A+B+C
Does it matter whether the m or y equation comes first?
Write the output expression for the circuit of Figure 3-32(c), and use DeMorgan’s theorems to show that it is equivalent to the expression for the circuit of Figure 3-32(a).Figure 3-32
Refer Figure 3-32(a). If the D input needed to be inverted to producehow many ICs would be needed?Figure 3-32a x = AB + CD,
Repeat question 1 for the standard AND gate symbol.Data from Question 1Write the interpretation of the operation performed by the standard NOR gate symbol in Figure 3-33Figure 3-33
How many NOR gates are shown in Figure 3-40?Figure 3-40 A₁ A₂ A3 A4 As A6 A7 A₂ IN OUT 74HC30 74HC02 W X Note: All gates are CMOS. 74HC32 74HC02 LCD
What is the parameter that measures the time after the input changesuntil the output can switch from LOW to HIGH?
What is the key difference between HDL and computer programming languages?
Use DeMorgan’s theorems to convert to an expression containing only single-variable inversions. y = A + B + CD
Assuming the change described above, how many ICs would be needed using NAND only as in Figure 3-32(c)?Figure 3-32(c) (c) A B D (1) (2) (4) (5) 74LS00 74LS00 (3) (6) (9) (10) 74LS00 (8) X
What character is used to limit a block of comments?
What will be the output level in Figure 3-38(b) when all of the inputs are asserted?Figure 3-38 b A B C D E 1 (b) 2 N
Who created AHDL?
What characters are used to comment a single line?
What inputs are required to assert the alarm output in Figure 3-37(b)?Figure 3-37 b A В. C D 2 (b) N ALARM
Which of the following signals is active-LOW: RD, W,R/W?
Who created VHDL?
Encode the following message in ASCII code using the hex representation: "COST = $72."
Convert these binary numbers to decimal.(a)*10110(b) 10010101(c)*100100001001(d) 01101011(e)*11111111(f) 01101111(g)*1111010111(h) 11011111(i)* 100110(j) 1101(k)*111011(l) 1010101
Attach an odd-parity bit to the ASCII code for the $ symbol, and express the result in hexadecimal.
Convert 3710 to binary. Try to do it on your own before you look at the solution.
Convert 1000110110112 to its decimal equivalent by adding the products of digits and weights.
Convert 8310 to binary using both methods.
Convert 24CE16 to decimal.
Represent the decimal value 178 by its straight binary equivalent. Then encode the same decimal number using BCD.
Convert the number 0101 (binary) to its Gray code equivalent.
The following padded ASCII-coded message is stored in successive memory locations in a computer:What is the message? 01010011 01010100 01001111 01010000
A typical CD-ROM can store 650 megabytes of digital data. Since mega = 220, how many bits of data can a CD-ROM hold?
Convert the following decimal values to binary.(a)*37(b) 13(c)*189(d) 1000(e)*77(f) 390(g)*205(h) 2133
Attach an even-parity bit to the BCD code for decimal 69.
(a) What is the total range of decimal values that can be represented in eight bits?(b) How many bits are needed to represent decimal values ranging from 0 to 12,500?
What is the weight of the MSB of a 16-bit number?
Convert 72910 to binary using both methods. Check your answer by converting back to decimal.
Convert 311710 to hex, then from hex to binary.
How many bits are required to represent an eight-digit decimal number in BCD?
Convert 0101 (Gray code) to its binary number equivalent.
In order to program many microcontrollers, the binary instructions are stored in a file on a personal computer in a special way known as Intel Hex Format. The hexadecimal information is encoded into
What is the largest decimal value that can be represented in BCD using two bytes?
A small process-control computer uses hexadecimal codes to represent its 16-bit memory addresses.(a) How many hex digits are required?(b) What is the range of addresses in hex?(c) How many memory
What is the largest decimal value that can be represented by(a) An eight-bit binary number? (b) A 16-bit number?
Why can’t the parity method detect a double error in transmitted data?
(a) Convert 42310 to hex.(b) Convert 21410 to hex.
Repeat the conversion in Question 1 using the double-dabble method.Data from Question 1Convert 1000110110112 to its decimal equivalent by adding the products of digits and weights.
How many bits are required to count up to decimal 1 million?
Convert 10010111101101012 to hex.
What is an advantage of encoding a decimal number in BCD rather than in straight binary? What is a disadvantage?
How many hex digits can a nibble represent?
Numbers are entered into a microcontroller-based system in BCD, but stored in straight binary. As a programmer, you must decide whether you need a one-byte or two-byte storage location.(a) How many
Convert each hex number to its decimal equivalent.(a)*743 (b) 36 (c)*37FD (d) 2000(e)*165(f) ABCD(g)*7FF(h) 1204(i) E71(j) 89(k) 58(l) 72
Convert decimal 378 to a 16-bit binary number by first converting to hexadecimal.
Write the next four numbers in this hex counting sequence: E9A, E9B, E9C, E9D, __________, ___________, __________, _________.
How many nibbles are in one BCD digit?
Convert each of the following decimal numbers to hex.(a)*59(b) 372(c)*919(d) 1024(e)*771(f) 2313(g)*65,536(h) 255(i) 29(j) 33(k) 100(l) 200

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