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computer science
digital systems principles and application

Questions and Answers of Digital Systems Principles And Application

Determine the output signal at Q7 if we connect a 74HC165 with DS = 0 and CP INH = 0 and then apply the input waveforms given in Figure 7-72. P0 – P7 represent the parallel data on P0 P1 P2 P3 P4
Refer to the IC counter circuit in Figure 7-107(a).(a) Draw the timing diagram for outputs QD QC QB QA.(b) What is the counter’s modulus?(c) What is the count sequence? Does it count up or down?(d)
Assume that the initial contents of the 74ALS164 register in Figure 7-74(a) are 00000000. Determine the sequence of states as clock pulses are applied.Figure 7-74(a) A B& nnn CP MR 74ALS164 Qo Q₁
Figure 7-79(a) shows a 74ALS161 wired as a MOD-12 counter, but it produces the count sequence given in Figure 7-79(b). Determine the cause of the incorrect circuit behavior.Figure 7-79
Refer to the IC counter circuit in Figure 7-107(b):(a) Describe the counter’s output on QD QC QB QA if S̅T̅A̅R̅T̅ is LOW.(b) Describe the counter’s output on QD QC QB QA if S̅T̅A̅R̅T̅
Draw a schematic to create a recycling, MOD-6 counter that produces the count sequence:(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and repeats with a 74ALS162(b) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, and repeats with a 74ALS190(c) 6, 5, 4,
Design a MOD-5 ring counter using LPM_SHIFTREG. Use an asynchronous control to restart the ring counter at 10000 so that it will begin counting in the proper sequence and include an active-HIGH count
Suppose we want to design a universal four-bit shift register, using HDL, that has four synchronous modes of operation: Hold Data, Shift Left, Shift Right, and Parallel Load. Two input bits will
Design a MOD-100, binary counter using either two 74HC161 or two 74HC163 chips and any necessary gates. The IC counter chips are to be synchronously cascaded together to produce the binary count
Design a MOD-100, BCD counter using either two 74HC160 or two 74HC162 chips and any necessary gates. The IC counter chips are to be synchronously cascaded together to produce the BCD count sequence
With a 6-MHz clock input to a 74ALS163 that has all four control inputs HIGH, determine the output frequency and duty cycle for each of the five outputs (including RCO).
The frequency of fin is 6 MHz in Figure 7-108. The two IC counter chips have been cascaded asynchronously so that the output frequency produced by counter U1 is the input frequency for counter U2.
With a 6-MHz clock input to a 74ALS162 that has all four control inputs HIGH, determine the output frequency and duty cycle for each of the following outputs: QA, QC, QD, RCO. What is unusual about
The frequency of fin is 1.5 MHz in Figure 7-109. The two IC counter chips have been cascaded asynchronously so that the output frequency produced by counter U1 is the input frequency for counter U2.
Design a frequency divider circuit that will produce the following three output signal frequencies: 1.5 MHz, 150 kHz, and 100 kHz. Use 74HC162 and 74HC163 counter chips and any necessary gates. The
Design a frequency divider circuit that will produce the following three output signal frequencies: 1 MHz, 800 kHz, and 100 kHz. Use 74HC160 and 74HC161 counter chips and any necessary gates. The
Draw the AND gates necessary to decode the 10 states of the BCD counter of Figure 7-8(b).Figure 7-8(b) D D J CLKO K CLR 1 MHz с J CLK O C K CLR B B B J CLKO K CLR A K J CLK O CLR K
Draw the gates necessary to decode all of the states of a MOD-16 counter using active-LOW outputs.
Analyze the synchronous counter in Figure 7-110(a). Draw its timing diagram and determine the counter’s modulus.Figure 7-110(a) D D CLK CLR O J CLK K с ē CLK
Analyze the synchronous counter in Figure 7-111(a). Draw its timing diagram and determine the counter’s modulus.Figure 7-111(a) C 10 J CLKO K CLK B 100 B J CLK O K (a) 14 J CLKO K
Repeat Problem 7-39 for Figure 7-111(b).Figure 7-111(b) B J CLKO inging K с CLKO- C K CLK (b) A 14 A J CLKO K 1
Analyze the synchronous counter in Figure 7-112(a). F is a control input. Draw its state transition diagram and determine the counter’s modulus.Figure 7-112(a)
Analyze the synchronous counter in Figure 7-112(b). Draw its complete state transition diagram and determine the counter’s modulus. Is the counter self-correcting?Figure 7-112(b) с C 10 CLOCK
(a) Design a synchronous counter using J-K FFs that has the following sequence: 000, 010, 101, 110, and repeat. The undesired (unused) states 001, 011, 100, and 111 must always go to 000 on the next
Design a synchronous, recycling, MOD-5 down counter that produces the sequence 100, 011, 010, 001, 000, and repeat. Use J-K flip-flops.(a) Force the unused states to 000 on the next clock pulse.(b)
Design a synchronous, recycling, BCD down counter with J-K FFs using don’t-care NEXT states.
Design a synchronous, recycling, MOD-7 up/down counter with J-K FFs. Use the states 000 through 110 in the counter. Control the count direction with input D (D = 0 to count up and D = 1 to count
Design a synchronous, recycling, MOD-8, binary down counter with D flip-flops.
Design a synchronous, recycling, MOD-12 counter with D FFs. Use the states 0000 through 1011 in the counter.
Design a recycling, MOD-13, up counter. The count sequence should be 0000 through 1100. Simulate (functional) the counter.(a) Use LPM_COUNTER.(b) Use an HDL.
Design a recycling, MOD-25, down counter. The count sequence should be 11000 through 00000. Simulate (functional) the counter.(a) Use LPM_COUNTER.(b) Use an HDL.
Design a bidirectional, half-step controller for a stepper motor using an HDL. The direction control input (dir) will produce a clockwise (CW) pattern when HIGH or counterclockwise when LOW. The
Design a recycling, MOD-16 Gray code counter using an HDL. The counter should have an active-HIGH enable (cnt). Simulate the counter.
Design a frequency divider circuit to output a 100-kHz signal. The input frequency is 5 MHz. Simulate (functional) the counter.(a) Use LPM_COUNTER.(b) Use an HDL.
Design a frequency divider circuit that will output either of two specified frequency signals. The output frequency is selected by the control input fselect. The divider will output a frequency of 5
Expand the full-featured HDL counter to a MOD-256 counter. Simulate the counter.
Expand the full-featured HDL counter to a MOD-1024 counter. Simulate the counter.
Design a recycling, MOD-16, down counter. The counter should have the following controls (from lowest to highest priority): an active- LOW count enable (en), an active-HIGH synchronous clear (clr),
Design a recycling, MOD-10, up/down counter. The counter will count up when up = 1 and will count down when up = 0. The counter should also have the following controls (from lowest to highest
Create a MOD-1000 BCD counter by cascading together three of the HDL BCD counter modules . Simulate the counter.
Modify the HDL description in Figure 7-60 or Figure 7-61 to add a rinse sequence after the clothes are washed. The new state machine sequence should be idle → wash_fill → wash_agitate →
Create a MOD-256 binary counter by cascading together two of the full-featured, MOD-16, HDL counter modules. Simulate the counter.
Design a synchronous, MOD-50 BCD counter by cascading a MOD-10 and a MOD-5 counter together. The MOD-50 counter should have an active-HIGH count enable (enable) and an active-LOW synchronous clear
Design a synchronous, MOD-100, BCD down counter by cascading two MOD-10, down counter modules together. The MOD-100 counter should have a synchronous parallel load (load). Simulate (functional) the
A set of 74ALS174 registers is connected as shown in Figure 7-114. What type of data transfer is performed with each register? Determine the output of each register when the M̅R̅ is pulsed
Complete the timing diagram in Figure 7-115 for a 74HC174. How does the timing diagram show that the master reset is asynchronous?Figure 7-115 MR 8 8 d ♂ ♂ ģ
Simulate the HDL traffic light controller design presented.
Repeat Example 7-22 with DS = 1 and the input waveforms given in Figure 7-117.Figure 7-117Data from Example 7-22Determine the output signal at Q7 if we connect a 74HC165 with DS = 0 and CP INH = 0
Apply the input waveforms given in Figure 7-118 to a 74ALS166 and determine the output produced.Figure 7-118 CLK CLK INH SH/LD CLR ABCD
How many clock pulses will be needed to completely load eight bits of serial data into a 74ALS166? How does this relate to the number of flip-flops contained in the register?
While examining the schematic for a piece of equipment, a technician or an engineer will often come across an IC that is unfamiliar. In such cases, it is often necessary to consult the
Refer to Figure 7-119 to answer the following questions:(a) Which register function (load or shift) will be performed on the next clock if in = 1 and out = 0? What data value will be input when
Draw the diagram for a MOD-5 ring counter using J-K flip-flops. Make sure that the counter will start the proper count sequence when it is turned on.
Add one more J-K flip-flop to convert the MOD-5 ring counter in Problem 7-73 into a MOD-10 counter. Determine the sequence of states for this counter. This is an example of a decade counter that is
The MOD-10 counter in Figure 7-8(b) produces the count sequence 0000, 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, 0110, 0111, and repeats. Identify some possible fault conditions that might produce this
Draw the diagram for a MOD-10 Johnson counter using a 74HC164. Make sure that the counter will start the proper count sequence when it is turned on. Determine the count sequence for this counter and
The clock input to the Johnson counter in Problem 7-75 is 10 Hz. What is the frequency and duty cycle for each of the counter outputs?Data from Problem 7-75Draw the diagram for a MOD-10 Johnson
The MOD-10 counter in Figure 7-8(b) produces the count sequence 0000, 0101, 0010, 0111, 1000, 1101, 1010, 1111, and repeats. Identify some possible fault conditions that might produce this
Create an eight-bit SISO shift register. The serial input is called ser and the serial output is called qout. An active-LOW enable (en) controls the shift register. Simulate (functional) the
Create an eight-bit PIPO shift register. The data in is d[7..0] and the outputs are q[7..0]. An active-HIGH enable (ld) controls the shift register.Simulate (functional) the design.(a) Use LPM_FF.(b)
Create an eight-bit PISO shift register. The data in is d[7..0] and the output is q0. The shift-register function is controlled by sh_ld 1sh_ld = 0 to synchronously parallel load and sh_ld = 1 to
Create an eight-bit SIPO shift register. The data in is ser_in and the outputs are q[7..0]. The shift-register function is enabled by an active-HIGH control named shift. The shift register also has a
Design a MOD-10, self-starting Johnson counter with an active-HIGH, asynchronous reset (reset) using an HDL. Simulate the design.
Use Altera’s simulator to test the nonretriggerable, level-sensitive, one-shot design example in either Figure 7-95 (AHDL) or 7-96 (VHDL). Use a 1-kHz clock and create a 10-ms output pulse for the
Sometimes a digital application may need a ring counter that recirculates a single zero instead of a single one. The ring counter would then have an active-LOW output instead of an active-HIGH.
Modify the nonretriggerable, level-sensitive, one-shot design example from either Figure 7-95 (AHDL) or Figure 7-96 (VHDL) so that the one-shot is retriggerable but still level-sensitive. Simulate
For each of the following statements, indicate the type(s) of counter being described.(a) Each FF is clocked at the same time.(b) Each FF divides the frequency at its CLK input by 2.(c) The counting
Invert the x and y waveforms of Figure 5-87, apply them to the SET and RESET inputs of a NOR latch, and determine the Q and Q̅ waveforms. Assume that Q = 0 initially.Figure 5-87 X Z ㅠ ㅜ
The waveforms of Figure 5-87 are connected to the circuit of Figure 5-88. Assume that Q = 0 initially, and determine the Q waveform.Figure 5-87Figure 5-88 X Z ㅠ ㅜ
Modify the circuit of Figure 5-9 to use a NOR gate latch.Figure 5-9 +5 V 2 +5 V +5 V www S R O VOUT (a) VOUT (b) 5 V ov 1 0 Random "bouncing" Switch to position 2 Switch to position 2 Switch comes to
Modify the circuit of Figure 5-12 to use a NAND gate latch.Figure 5-12 +5 V +5 V S R SW1 Q Alarm
Refer to the circuit of Figure 5-13. A technician tests the circuit operation by observing the outputs with a storage oscilloscope while the switch is moved from A to B. When the switch is moved from
Apply the S, R, and CLK waveforms of Figure 5-20 to the FF of Figure 5-21, and determine the Q waveform.Figure 5-20Figure 5-21 FF triggers on
A certain clocked FF has minimum tS = 20 ns and tH = 5 ns. How long must the control inputs be stable prior to the active clock transition?
Apply the waveforms of Figure 5-90 to the FF of Figure 5-20 and determine the waveform at Q. Repeat for the FF of Figure 5-21. Assume Q = 0 initially.Figure 5-90Figure 5-20Figure 5-21 S R CLK JL
Apply the J, K, and CLK waveforms of Figure 5-24 to the FF of Figure 5-25. Assume that Q = 1 initially, and determine the Q waveform.Figure 5-24Figure 5-25 K CLK 1 0 O 1 0 1 0 J CLK K O 10 a b c
Draw the following digital pulse waveforms. Label tr, tf, and tw, leading edge, and trailing edge.(a) A negative TTL pulse with tr = 20 ns, tf = 5 ns, and tw = 50 ns.(b) A positive TTL pulse with tr
The waveforms shown in Figure 5-91 are to be applied to two different FFs:(a) Positive-edge-triggered J-K(b) Negative-edge-triggered J-KDraw the Q waveform response for each of these FFs, assuming
(a) Show how a J-K flip-flop can operate as a toggle FF (changes states on each clock pulse). Then apply a 10-kHz clock signal to its CLK input and determine the waveform at Q.(b) Connect Q from this
A D FF is sometimes used to delay a binary waveform so that the binary information appears at the output a certain amount of time after it appears at the D input.(a) Determine the Q waveform in
(a) Apply the S and CLK waveforms of Figure 5-90 to the D and CLK inputs of a D FF that triggers on PGTs. Then determine the waveform at Q.(b) Repeat using the C waveform of Figure 5-90 for the D
An edge-triggered D flip-flop can be made to operate in the toggle mode by connecting it as shown in Figure 5-93. Assume that Q = 0 initially, and determine the Q waveform.Figure 5-93 1 kHz D CLK 10 Q
(a) Apply the S and CLK waveforms of Figure 5-90 to the D and EN inputs of a D latch, respectively, and determine the waveform at Q.(b) Repeat using the C waveform applied to D.Figure 5-90 S R CLK n L
Compare the operation of the D latch with a negative-edge-triggered D flip-flop by applying the waveforms of Figure 5-94 to each and determining the Q waveforms.Figure 5-94 D CLK/EN Q 0 0 0 ㄴ 머
In Problem 5-16, we saw how an edge-triggered D flip-flop can be operated in the toggle mode. Explain why this same idea will not work for a D latch.Data from Problem 5-16An edge-triggered D
Determine the Q waveform for the FF in Figure 5-95. Assume that Q = 0 initially, and remember that the asynchronous inputs override all other inputs.Figure 5-95
Apply the CLK, P̅R̅E̅, and C̅L̅R̅ waveforms of Figure 5-33 to a positiveedge-triggered D flip-flop with active-LOW asynchronous inputs. Assume that D is kept HIGH and Q is initially LOW.
Apply the waveforms of Figure 5-95 to a D flip-flop that triggers on NGTs and has active-LOW asynchronous inputs. Assume that D is kept LOW and that Q is initially HIGH. Draw the resulting Q
Use the Texas Instrument website to look up the 74ALS74A DFF.(a) How long can it take for the Q output of a 74ALS74A to switch from 0 to 1 in response to an active CLK transition?(b) How long does
Modify the circuit of Figure 5-39 to use a J-K flip-flop.Figure 5-39 CLOCK snm CLOCK A Debounced switch X A 1 1 D (a) (b) CLK Q S Complete pulses L X
Use the Texas Instrument website to look up the 74ALS112A DFF.(a) How long does it typically take to asynchronously clear a 74ALS112?(b) How long maximum does it take to asynchronously set a
In the circuit of Figure 5-96, inputs A, B, and C are all initially LOW. Output Y is supposed to go HIGH only when A, B, and C go HIGH in a certain sequence.(a) Determine the sequence that will make
A recirculating shift register is a shift register that keeps the binary information circulating through the register as clock pulses are applied. The shift register of Figure 5-46 can be made into a
(a) Draw a circuit diagram for the synchronous parallel transfer of data from one three-bit register to another using J-K flip-flops.(b) Repeat for asynchronous parallel transfer.
Refer to Figure 5-47, where a three-bit number stored in register X is serially shifted into register Y. How can the circuit be modified so that, at the end of the transfer operation, the original
Refer to the binary counter of Figure 5-48. Change it by connecting X̅0 to the CLK of flip-flop X1, and X̅1 to the CLK of flip-flop X2. Start with all FFs in the 1 state, and draw the various FF
Refer to the counter circuit of Figure 5-48 and answer the following:(a) If the counter starts at 000, what will be the count after 13 clock pulses? After 99 pulses? After 256 pulses?(b) If the
Draw the state transition diagram for this down counter, and compare it with the diagram of Figure 5-50. How are they different?Figure 5-50 110 111 101 000 100 001 011 010
(a) How many FFs are required to build a binary counter that counts from 0 to 1023?(b) Determine the frequency at the output of the last FF of this counter for an input clock frequency of 2 MHz.(c)
A binary counter is being pulsed by a 256-kHz clock signal. The output frequency from the last FF is 2 kHz.(a) Determine the MOD number.(b) Determine the counting range.

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