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mathematics
introduction to business statistics

Questions and Answers of Introduction to business statistics

Reconsider the previous exercise. Change the sample size to 100 at-bats, and answer questions (a) to (d). Th en describe the eff ect of increasing the sample size on the power of the test.Date from
Suppose that a baseball player has been a .250 hitter for his career, which means that his probability of a hit (success) has been 0.250. Then during one winter the player genuinely improves to the
The website www.popvssoda.com invites people to indicate whether they refer to carbonated beverages as €œpop€ or €œsoda€ or €œcoke€ or
Refer to the previous two exercises. Professor Lock’s students also “tipped” pennies by standing them on edge and then banging the table to see which way they would fall. The students found
Refer to the previous exercise. Professor Lock’s students also spun pennies on their side. The students found 9,197 heads in 20,422 spins. Answer parts (a) to (g) of the previous question with
Over several years, students of Professor Robin Lock have flipped a large number of coins and recorded whether the flip landed heads or tails. As reported in a 2002 issue of Chance News, these
When is the distinction between statistical significance and practical importance more important to consider: with a large sample size, with a small sample size, or is sample size not relevant to the
Answer the following questions about statistical significance and practical importance:a. Which is more appropriate to the issue of statistical significance: p-value or confidence interval?b. Which
For each of the following variables, indicate whether you think students at your school would generally be truthful or would tend to over- or understate their honest responses. Briefly explain your
On January 29, 2011, visitors to the CNN.com website were invited to answer a poll question. The results are shown below:Are you exercising more in 2011?A 99.9% confidence interval for the population
The news website CNN.com regularly posts a poll question that people who view the website can respond to. The following results were posted on January 10, 2012:Do you surf the web while on the job?a.
If a survey is being conducted on the issue of whether to enact a smoking ban in a public place, how might responses be biased depending on whether or not the interviewer is smoking while asking the
Suggest a variable or issue for which you suspect that respondents might give different responses depending on the clothing worn by the interviewer. Justify your answer.
Refer to the previous exercise. The article also cited a study which found that female interviewers tended to obtain higher percentages of respondents reporting psychiatric symptoms. Suggest another
In an article titled “Interviewer Effects in Public Health Surveys,” Davis et al. (2010) argue that effects of interviewers on survey participant responses can be especially problematic when
Think of a controversial issue about which you might be interested in asking people’s opinions. Describe how you could ask a survey question about that issue in as clear and unbiased a manner as
If you support President Obama’s health care policy, would you prefer to phrase a survey question in terms of “ObamaCare” or in terms of “Affordable Care Act”? Explain.
Answer the following about how questions can be worded in order to bias the results:a. How might you word a question about attitudes toward the government’s relationship with abortion if the goal
One version of a survey question asked whether subjects agree or disagree with the statement that “the best way to ensure peace is through military strength.” Another version asked subjects to
A survey question could ask for respondents’ opinions about “welfare” or about “assistance to the poor.” Do you think that the wording used could influence people’s responses? If so,
Refer to the previous question. The results from the 1994 sample of 991 adults were that 91% answered that they were certain the Holocaust happened, 8% did not know, and 1% thought it possible that
Refer to the previous exercise. When the Roper Organization conducted another survey in March of 1994, they asked, “Does it seem possible to you that the Nazi extermination of the Jews never
In a November 1992 survey, the Roper Organization asked American adults, “Does it seem possible or does it seem impossible to you that the Nazi extermination of the Jews never happened?” Th e
Recall from Exploration 3.5A that the Literary Digest magazine conducted a very extensive public opinion poll in 1936 in order to predict the outcome of that year’s presidential election. They
Suppose you want to compare waiting times, from getting in line to receiving the order, at two coffee bars on campus.a. Describe what might be wrong with looking at the first 40 people who come to
To cut the margin of error of a confidence interval in half one mustA. Increase the sample size by a factor of 2B. Increase the ample size by a factor of 4C. Increase the sample size by a factor of
True or false? The standard error formulas for x̅ and p̂ both have √n in the denominator.
Suppose a random sample of 50 college students are asked to measure the length of their right foot in centimeters. A 95% confidence interval for the mean foot length for students at the college is
A 95% confidence interval is computed to estimate the mean household income for a city. Which of the following values will definitely be within the limits of this confidence interval? Circle all that
Suppose we have a collection of the heights of all students at your college. Each of the 250 people taking statistics randomly takes a sample of 40 of these heights and constructs a 95% confidence
If you took repeated samples of size 100 and constructed a 99% confidence interval for the population proportion who would shop at the store because of the coat sale from each sample, what percentage
If you took repeated samples of size 100 and constructed a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion who would shop at the store because of the coat sale from each sample, what percentage
If the sample size were 1,000 instead of 100, the width of a 95% confidence interval would (increase/decrease).
If the sample size were 10 instead of 100, the width of a 95% confidence interval would (increase/decrease).
Instead of 40, if 60 of the 100 people had stated that the main reason they had visited the store was because the store is running a sale on coats that weeka. The width of the 95% confidence interval
Instead of 40, if 50 of the 100 people had stated that the main reason they had visited the store was because the store is running a sale on coats that week, the width of a 95% confidence interval
Instead of 40, if 30 of the 100 people had stated that the main reason they had visited the store was because the store is running a sale on coats that week, the width of a 95% confidence interval
Which confidence interval would be the narrowest?A. 99% B. 95%C. 90% D. 85%
A confidence interval is constructed for the population proportion of consumers who would visit the store because of the coat sale. Which confidence interval would be the widest?A. 99% B. 95%C.
If you took repeated samples of size 150 and constructed a 99% confidence interval for the population mean of hours slept from each sample, what percentage of these intervals would capture the
If you took repeated samples of size 150 and constructed a 95% confidence interval for the population mean of hours slept from each sample, what percentage of these intervals would capture the
If the sample size were 1,500 instead of 150, the width of a 95% confidence interval would (increase/decrease).
If the sample size were 15 instead of 150, the width of a 95% confidence interval would (increase/decrease).
Using the formula p̂ ± 1.96√p̂ (1 − p̂ )/n, compute a 95% confidence interval for a population proportion given the sample proportion is 0.65 and the sample size is 500.
Using the formula p̂ ± 1.96√{ p̂ (1 − p̂ )/n}, compute a 95% confidence interval for a population proportion given the sample proportion is 0.35 and the sample size is 1000.
A sample of students that had stuff y or runny noses were blindly given a single Skittles candy to put in their mouth. They were told the five possible flavors and then were asked which flavor they
A sample of healthy students were blindly given a single Skittles candy to put in their mouth. They were told the five possible flavors and then were asked which flavor they had. Of the 154 students
In order to determine who would accept a Facebook friend request from someone they didn’t know, a student researcher made up a phony Facebook profile that represented a male student at her college.
In order to determine who would accept a Facebook friend request from someone they didn’t know, a student researcher made up a phony Facebook profile that represented a female student at her
From a random sample of 92 female students at Hope College, 10 were left -handed. Determine a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of all female students at Hope College that are left -handed.
From a random sample of 97 male students at Hope College, 12 were left -handed. Determine a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of all male students at Hope College that are left -handed.
Statistics students conducted a test to see if people could taste the difference between Coke and Pepsi. They fill two cups with Coke and a third with Pepsi. They then asked their subjects which
Statistics students were conducting a test to see if people could taste the difference between Coke and Pepsi. They fill two cups with Coke and a third with Pepsi. They then asked their subjects
In a July 2012 Gallup poll that surveyed 1014 randomly selected U.S. adults, 5% said that they considered themselves vegetarians.a. Describe what the parameter is in this context.b. The standard
Refer to the data in the previous question. Use the 2SD rule to find the 95% confidence interval. Why is it similar to the one you obtained in part (a) of the previous question?Data from previous
Students at Hope College were tested to see if they could determine the difference between tap water and bottled water. Of the 63 students tested, 42 correctly identified which was which. We will
Recall that researchers also conducted a follow-up study predicting the outcomes of races in the House of Representatives with 189 correct predictions out of 279.a. Use a simulation and the 2SD
In Example 1.4 we looked to see whether the competent- face method could be used to predict the results of Senate races. We found this method worked in 23 out of 32 races. When testing to see if the
Using the sample proportion of 30 out of 50 students that saw the spinning dancer spin clockwise (see Exercise 3.2.11), answer the following:a. Using the Theory-Based Inference applet, determine a
The spinning dancer (or silhouette illusion) is a moving image of a woman that appears to be spinning. Some people see her spinning clockwise and some see her spinning counterclockwise. A student
A recent study examined hearing loss data for 1,771 U.S. teenagers. In this sample, 333 were found to have some level of hearing loss. News of this study spread quickly, with many news articles
Th e 2011 Statistical Abstract of the United States includes a table reporting that a national survey in the fall of 2009 found that 18.2% of American adults played a board game in the past year. We
To estimate the proportion of city voters who will vote for the Republican candidate in the election, two students, Manny and Nina, each decide to conduct polls in the city. Manny selects a random
Suppose a 95% confidence interval for a population proportion is (0.27, 0.49). Rewrite this interval in the form of p̂ ± margin of error .
Suppose a 95% confidence interval for a population proportion is (0.30, 0.60). Rewrite this interval in the form of p̂ ± margin of error .
Which of the following is NOT true about theory based confidence intervals for a population proportion?A. They should only be used when you have at least 10 successes and 10 failures in your sample
Which of the following is true of a 2SD confidence interval?A. They are approximate 95% confidence intervals.B. They can be used for any confidence level.C. They give exactly the same results as a
Suppose a 95% confidence interval for a population proportion is found using the 2SD or theory-based method.Which of the following will definitely be contained in that interval?A. The population
A recent Gallup poll showed the president’s approval rating at 60%. Some friends use this information (along with the sample size from the poll) and find theory-based confidence intervals for the
A Gallup survey of 1001 randomly selected U.S. adults conducted May 2011 asked, “In your opinion, which one of the following is the main reason why students get education beyond high school?”
True or false? A confidence interval informs on all parameter values that are plausible, the test of significance only tells us about one parameter value.
True or false? You can find the strength of evidence of a test by looking at the confidence interval.
Reporting a confidence interval is more informative than a test of significance.A. Always.B. Only if you are concerned with a reject or fail to reject test outcome, rather than measuring strength of
In a July 2012 Gallup poll based on a representative sample of 1014 adult Americans, 48% reported drinking at least one glass of soda pop on a typical day. Now suppose that we test the null
What proportion of San Luis Obispo (SLO) residents dine at restaurants at least once a week? To investigate, a local high school student, Deidre, decides to conduct a survey. She selects a random
Are there any values of simulated sample proportions that are less than 0.10? Are there any values of simulated sample proportions that are greater than 0.10? What does that tell you?
What is the center of your simulated null distribution? Does it make sense that this is the center? Explain.
Use the One Proportion applet to simulate 1,000 repetitions of a random process, assuming that the proportion of cell phone users who fake calls is 0.10. Report what values you input into the applet.
If we assume that the population proportion of cell phone users who fake cell phone calls is actually 0.10, is it possible that we could observe the statistic we did from this sample of 1,858 cell
What is the statistic that you can use to summarize the data collected in the study?Let’s use the 3S strategy to help us investigate how much evidence the sample data provide to support the
Is the 13% a statistic or a parameter? How are you deciding?
If another sample of 1,858 American cell phone users were surveyed, could the percentage admitting to faking cell phone calls in the past 30 days change? Explain your reasoning.A reporter for
State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to be tested.A reporter for International Business Times took the Pew survey results and wrote that more than 1 in 10 cell phone users in the
Describe the parameter of interest in words. (You can use the symbol π to represent this parameter.)A reporter for International Business Times took the Pew survey results and wrote that more
What is the variable that is measured/recorded on each observational unit?A reporter for International Business Times took the Pew survey results and wrote that more than 1 in 10 cell phone users in
What are the observational units?A reporter for International Business Times took the Pew survey results and wrote that more than 1 in 10 cell phone users in the U.S. has engaged in such fake cell
What is our research question?A reporter for International Business Times took the Pew survey results and wrote that more than 1 in 10 cell phone users in the U.S. has engaged in such fake cell phone
Do you feel comfortable generalizing your conclusions to all cell phone users? If not, is there a population you feel you can generalize your conclusions to?
Was the sampling method unbiased?
Was the sample random?
Use the previous information to answer the following questions.a. What is the population of interest?b. Do you believe that the average hours of television per day in the sample is likely less than,
Is random sampling or random assignment the more important consideration if the research question is whether students tend to receive higher scores on essays if they are encouraged to submit a draft
How would the p-value have changed if the alternative hypothesis was stated as: Alt: The long-run proportion of men who will call the researcher among those who cross the suspension bridge is
Reconsider the data from the previous study about the effect of specialized prenatal care for women with gestational diabetes. Do the data provide evidence of a relationship between the type of
Recall Exercise 5.2.32 about the study conducted to investigate the effects of €œromantic lyrics on compliance with a courtship request.€ Of the 44 women who listened to the
Recall Exercise 5.2.4 where researchers Wilt et al. (New England Journal of Medicine, 2012) investigated whether surgery, compared to just observation, was (more) effective in improving men’s
Recall Exercise 5.2.7 about investigating whether giving chest-compression-only (CC) instructions rather than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions to the witness of a heart
Recall Exercise 5.2.11 about the link between babies being large for gestational age (LGA) and gestational diabetes in the mother. In an article published in the New England Journal of Medicine
Reconsider the data from the previous study about the effect of specialized prenatal care for women with gestational diabetes. Do the data provide evidence of a relationship between the type of
Recall a study from Exercise 5.2.15 , called €œPower Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Aff ect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance,€ that was published in Psychological

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