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physics
conceptual physical science

Questions and Answers of Conceptual Physical Science

Why might eating a high-protein diet be particularly hard on the liver and kidneys?
The liver is an organ that plays important roles in multiple organ systems. What role does the liver play in digestion?What role does it play in excretion?
A cell in your body breaks down an amino acid to make ATP and generates a molecule of ammonia, a nitrogencontaining waste. Describe what happens to this ammonia molecule.
What do you think explains the placebo effect?
The leading causes of death in low-income countries are listed in the table. Compare them with the leading causes of death in the United States given earlier in the chapter. Leading Causes of Death
In which part of a nephron is water reabsorbed from the filtrate?(a) glomerulus(b) proximal tubule(c) loop of Henle(d) distal tubule
Under an evolutionary classification system, species are grouped together based on(a) their shared similarities.(b) how closely related they are to one another.(c) their position in a hierarchy from
What criteria are used to classify species in the Linnaean system?
The scientific name of a species(a) consists of two parts, the family name and the species name.(b) is always underlined.(c) is always in Latin.(d) includes only the species name.
What criteria are used to classify species in an evolutionary classification system?
Why are birds considered reptiles in an evolutionary classification system?(a) Feathers evolved from scales.(b) Birds are more similar to reptiles than was previously thought.(c) Birds are descended
What is a clade?
Life would be impossible without bacteria because(a) they photosynthesize.(b) they function in decomposition.(c) they reproduce quickly.(d) they occupy habitats where no other organisms can survive.
All protists are(a) eukaryotes.(b) autotrophs.(c) heterotrophs.(d) single-celled.
Which domain of life do eukaryotes belong to?
Which of the following is a characteristic of all plants?(a) seeds(b) pollen(c) swimming sperm(d) alternation of generations
Explain how bacteria that are autotrophs and chemoautotrophs obtain food.
Fruits help plants(a) attract animal pollinators.(b) obtain nutrients.(c) disperse seeds.(d) photosynthesize.
How do bacteria reproduce? Do bacteria ever exchange genetic material?
All fungi(a) are heterotrophs.(b) are multicellular.(c) reproduce asexually.(d) reproduce sexually.
Why is bacterial decomposition important?
Animals(a) are multicellular heterotrophs.(b) are more closely related to plants than fungi.(c) often have haploid larvae.(d) include some stationary, nonmobile organisms such as sponges, corals, and
Which features of archaeans suggest they are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria?
Why are some archaea described as “extremophiles”?
What are protists?
What is a diatom, and why are diatoms important to many other marine organisms?
Name three kinds of multicellular photosynthetic protists.
Heterotrophic protists move to capture prey. Describe some of the different ways they do this.
Describe how Plasmodium, the protist that causes malaria, infects humans. Also describe the symptoms of the disease.
What are the two components of the plant vascular system? What is the function of each?
How does the alternation of generations differ between mosses and all other plants?
How is pollen transferred from one plant to another in conifers? In flowering plants?
How do fungi obtain food?
What are fungal spores?
Why are fungi essential to the growth and survival of most plants?
How do animals obtain nutrients?
What are some features of arthropods?
Describe the three major groups of mollusks.
Why must amphibians live in moist habitats?
What is the difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm? Which vertebrates are ectotherms, and which are endotherms?
How do monotremes differ from other mammals?
What is a virus? How do viruses reproduce?
What are prions? How do they “reproduce”?
What type of chemical bond is responsible for the cohesion and adhesion of water molecules in plants?
Why are cohesion and adhesion important to water transport in plants?
What is transpiration? How does transpiration drive the movement of water up the xylem?
Why do corals turn white during bleaching episodes?
Explain why ocean acidification threatens shelled marine species.
How are birds able to stay in the air when they fly?
How is Newton’s third law related to how birds fly?
How are some birds able to stay in the air without flapping their wings?
Go for a walk and take notes on the flowers you see. Can you guess which pollinators they use? Look for yellow and blue flowers that may be pollinated by bees. Look for red, trumpet-shaped flowers
Let’s explore water transport in plants. Place a few celery stalks in a beaker with some water. Add a few drops of blue food coloring to the water, and stir gently. Check the celery every few
Let’s grow mold! Obtain some bread slices and plastic sandwich bags. Keep the bread in the bags so that you won’t breathe in too many spores during the course of the experiment. How long does it
We know that birds stay in the air due to lift, an upward force produced by the difference in air pressure above and below the wings. This air-pressure difference is, in turn, the result of air
Examples of the three main groups of plants are shown here.Rank them in order, from most dependent on living in a moist habitat to least dependent on living in a moist habitat. A B C
Suppose a species of bacteria divides once every 20 minutes.You start with a single bacterium on your unrefrigerated egg-and-baloney sandwich at 8:00 am. Show that when you sit down to lunch at noon,
The lightest and heaviest flying birds are the bee hummingbird of Cuba, which weighs about 1.6 grams, and the great bustard of Europe and Asia, which can weigh as much as 21 kilograms. Show that the
If two species belong to the same order, do they have to belong to the same class? Do they have to belong to the same genus?
What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph? Name a clade of living things that consists exclusively of heterotrophs and one that consists exclusively of autotrophs. Name a clade
What is a chemoautotroph? What does a chemoautotroph have in common with a plant? How does a chemoautotroph differ from a plant in how it obtains food?
What is the advantage of being able to produce spores, as many bacteria do?
Why is decomposition important to life on Earth?
We saw that life on Earth would be impossible without bacteria. Would life on Earth be impossible without eukaryotes?
You may have heard that moss grows on the north sides of trees—this is good to remember if you are lost in the woods! Why do mosses do best on the north side?
Which plants produce pollen?What strategies do plants use for pollination? What strategy do most flowering plants use?
Some plants, including many grasses, have small green flowers with no petals (see figure). How do you think these flowers are pollinated?
Some people are allergic to pollen. Do you think beepollinated plants or wind-pollinated plants are more likely to cause allergies? Why?
Name two different strategies used by cnidarians to obtain food.
Why is a salamander more dependent on living in a moist habitat than a lizard?
Many snakes can survive eating just once every few weeks. Why can’t birds do this?
Birds and mammals are both endotherms, and they both have a four-chambered heart. Why are birds classified as reptiles rather than as mammals?
Birds have hollow bones, an adaptation for flight. How do hollow bones help birds fly?
Viruses straddle the line between living and nonliving.How do viruses resemble living things? How do they resemble nonliving things?
Write a letter to Grandpa telling him how global warming threatens marine life.
Chemical dispersants are sometimes used to break up a large oil slick into tiny droplets. Explain the advantages of this strategy, using the concepts of surface area and volume in your answer. What
Most living organisms reproduce sexually sometimes or have some other mechanism for exchanging genetic material. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction or genetic exchange?
In humans, cells undergo meiosis to produce sperm and eggs. What kinds of cells are produced by meiosis in mosses?
Do plants have to use energy to obtain the carbon dioxide they need for photosynthesis?
How do mosses spread from one place to another? How do flowering plants spread from one place to another?
When you buy fresh flowers, you should cut the stems underwater to prevent an air bubble from forming in the xylem.What would happen if an air bubble entered the xylem?
Imagine that you are being interviewed by an ethnobotanist about how you use plants. What do you tell her? Remember that ethnobotanists are interested in everything related to plant use, so don’t
We have mentioned the surface-area-to-volume ratio in the contexts of cell size and thermoregulation in mammals. Explain how the surface-area-to-volume ratio also affects the size and shape of flying
Which of these statements regarding the origin of life is false?(a) Life originated on an Earth whose atmosphere contained high levels of oxygen.(b)Miller and Urey obtained amino acids and other
The primary problem with the hypothesis that life on Earth originated on Mars is that(a) Mars has never had water.(b) the proposed Martian fossils are much smaller than the tiniest bacteria on
Photosynthesizing plants are(a) heterotrophs.(b) autotrophs.(c) chemoautotrophs.(d) archaeans.
Organisms with heritable, advantageous traits leave more offspring than organisms with other traits, which causes these advantageous traits to become more common in a population over time. This
Which of these adaptations is the result of sexual selection?(a) the spines on cactus plants(b) parental care in male poison dart frogs(c) the songs of male birds(d) dark wings in peppered moths
If we compare related rabbit species in desert and Arctic environments, we would expect(a) the desert species to have shorter legs.(b) the Arctic species to be smaller.(c) the desert species to have
Which of the following mechanisms of evolution consistently causes populations to become more adapted to their environments?(a) natural selection(b)mutation pressure(c) genetic drift(d) gene flow
When a lion mates with a tiger, the offspring are sterile.This is an example of(a) allopatric speciation.(b) sympatric speciation.(c) speciation by hybridization.(d) a postzygotic reproductive
Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?(a) changes in the coloration of peppered moth populations over time(b) the presence of vestigial eyes in cave salamanders(c) the fact that
Which statement about human evolution is true?(a) The earliest fossils of modern humans are almost 200,000 years old.(b)Humans are descended from chimpanzees.(c) Modern humans are the only hominids
Heteroatoms make a difference in the physical and chemical properties of an organic molecule because(a) they add extra mass to the hydrocarbon structure.(b) each heteroatom has its own characteristic
Why might a high-formula-mass alcohol be insoluble in water?(a) A high-formula-mass alcohol is too attracted to itself to be soluble in water.(b) The bulk of a high-formula-mass alcohol likely
Why do proteins, built from instructions contained in an organism’s genes, determine many of an organism’s traits?
How is DNA packaged into chromosomes?
How is DNA copied?
Is a new molecule of DNA put together using two newly made strands?
What base-pairing rules are followed in making an RNA transcript from a DNA template?

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