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college physics reasoning

Questions and Answers of College Physics Reasoning

Suppose \(\vec{D}=\vec{A}-\vec{B}\) where vector \(\vec{A}\) has components \(A_{x}=5\),\(A_{y}=2\) and vector \(\vec{B}\) has components \(B_{x}=-3, B_{y}=-5\).a. What are the \(x\) - and
Suppose \(\vec{E}=2 \vec{A}+3 \vec{B}\) where vector \(\vec{A}\) has components\(A_{x}=5, A_{y}=2\) and vector \(\vec{B}\) has components \(B_{x}=-3, B_{y}=-5\).a. What are the \(x\) - and
For the three vectors shown in Figure P3.47, the vector sum \(\vec{D}=\) \(\vec{A}+\vec{B}+\vec{C}\) has components \(D_{x}=2\) and \(D_{y}=0\).a. What are the \(x\) - and \(y\)-components of vector
Let \(\vec{A}=\left(3.0 \mathrm{~m}, 20^{\circ}\right.\) south of east \()\), \(\vec{B}=(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\), north \()\), and \(\vec{C}=\left(5.0 \mathrm{~m}, 70^{\circ}\right.\) south of west
A pilot in a small plane encounters shifting winds. He flies \(26.0 \mathrm{~km}\) northeast, then \(45.0 \mathrm{~km}\) due north. From this point, he flies an additional distance in an unknown
A small plane, \(100 \mathrm{~km}\) due south of the equator, is flying at \(150 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\) with respect to the ground along a straight line \(30^{\circ}\) to the west of north. In
The bacterium Escherichia coli (or E. coli) is a single-celled organism that lives in the gut of healthy humans and animals. When grown in a uniform medium rich in salts and amino acids, these
A skier gliding across the snow at \(3.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) suddenly starts down a \(10^{\circ}\) incline, reaching a speed of \(15 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) at the bottom. Friction between
A block slides along the frictionless track shown in Figure P3.54 with an initial speed of \(5.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). Assume it turns all the corners smoothly, 1.0 m. 45 30 1.0 m FIGURE P3.54
In 1780, in what is now referred to as "Brady's Leap," Captain Sam Brady of the U.S. Continental Army escaped certain death from his enemies by running horizontally off the edge of the cliff above
The longest recorded pass in an NFL game traveled 83 yards in the air from the quarterback to the receiver. Assuming that the pass was thrown at the optimal \(45^{\circ}\) angle, what was the speed
Small-plane pilots regularly compete in "message drop" competitions, dropping heavy weights (for which air resistance can be ignored) from their low-flying planes and scoring points for having the
Trained dolphins are capable of a vertical leap of \(7.0 \mathrm{~m}\) straight up from the surface of the water-an impressive feat.Suppose you could train a dolphin to launch itself out of the water
The shot put is a track-and-field event in which athletes throw a heavy ballthe shot-as far as possible. The best athletes can throw the shot as far as \(23 \mathrm{~m}\). Athletes who use the
A child slides down a frictionless 3.0-m-long playground slide tilted upward at an angle of \(40^{\circ}\). At the end of the slide, there is an additional section that curves so that the child is
A sports car is advertised as capable of "reaching \(60 \mathrm{mph}\) in 5 seconds flat, cornering at \(0.85 \mathrm{~g}\), and stopping from \(70 \mathrm{mph}\) in only 168 feet." In which of those
A Ford Mustang can accelerate from 0 to \(60 \mathrm{mph}\) in a time of 5.6 s. A Mini Cooper isn't capable of such a rapid start, but it can turn in a very small circle \(34 \mathrm{ft}\) in
The "Screaming Swing" is a carnival ride that is-not surprisingly—a giant swing. It's actually two swings moving in opposite directions. At the bottom of its arc, a rider in one swing is moving at
On an otherwise straight stretch of road near Moffat, Colorado, the road suddenly turns. This bend in the road is a segment of a circle with radius \(110 \mathrm{~m}\). Drivers are cautioned to slow
At the end of the first section of the motion, riders are moving at what approximate speed?A. \(3 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)B. \(6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)C. \(9 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)D. \(12
Suppose the acceleration during the second section of the motion is too large to be comfortable for riders. What change could be made to decrease the acceleration during this section?A. Reduce the
What is the vertical component of the velocity of a rider as he or she hits the water?A. \(2.4 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)B. \(3.4 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)C. \(5.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)D. \(9.1
Suppose the designers of the water slide want to adjust the height \(h\) above the water so that riders land twice as far away from the bottom of the slide. What would be the necessary height above
During which section of the motion is the magnitude of the acceleration experienced by a rider the greatest?A. The first.B. The second.C. The third.D. It is the same in all sections.A rider on a
A swan is landing on an icy lake, sliding across the ice and gradually coming to a stop. As the swan slides, the direction of the acceleration is A. To the left.B. To the right.C. Upward.D. Downward.
Two of the three fo rces exerted on an object are shown. The net fo rce poi nts directly to the left. Which is the missing third force? Two of the three forces exerted on an object the F F3 A. B. C.
A frog is resting on a slope. Given what you learned in Figure 4.12, what can you say about the friction force acting on the frog?A. There is no friction force.B. There is a kinetic fri ction force
A boy is using a rope to pull a sled to the right. What are the directions of the tension force and the friction force on the sled, respectively?A. Right, right B. Right, left C. Left, right D. Left,
You've just kicked a rock, and it is now sliding across the ground about 2 meters in front of you. Which of these are forces acting on the rock?List all that apply.A. Gravity, acting downward B. The
Two rubber bands stretched to the standard length cause an object to accelerate at 2 m/s2• Suppose another object with twice the mass is pulled by four rubber bands stretched to the standard
Three forces act on an object. In which direction does the object accelerate? F F T F3 A. B. C. D. E.
An elevator suspended by a cable is moving upward and slowing to a stop. Which free-body diagram is correct? 15 T 7 W W Felevator x net A. B. C. D. E.
A small car is pushing a larger truck that has a dead battery.The mass of the truck is greater than the mass of the car. The car and the truck are moving to the right and are speeding up.Which of the
Here's a great everyday use of the physics described in this chapter. If you are trying to get ketchup out of the bottle, the best way to do it is to turn the bottle upside down and give the bottle a
Normally, jet engines push air out the back of the engine, resulting in forward thrust, but commercial aircraft often have thrust reversers that can change the direction of the ejected air, sending
If you are standing still, the upward normal force on you from the floor is equal in magnitude to the weight force that acts on you. But it's possible to move so that the normal force is greater than
Figure 4.30 b showed a situation in which the force of the road on the car's tire points forward. In other situations, the force points backward. Give an example of such a situation. FIGURE 4.30
Alyssa pushes to the right on a filing cabinet; the friction force from the floor pushes on it to the left. Because the cabinet doesn't move, these forces have the same magnitude. Do they form an
The tire on this drag racer is severely twisted: The force of the road on the tire is quite large (most likely several times the weight of the car) and is directed forward as shown. Is the car
Suppose that, while in a squatting position, you stand on your hands, and then you pull up on your feet with a great deal of force. You are applying a large force to the bottoms of your feet, but no
A group of students is making model cars that will be propelled by model rocket engines. These engines provide a nearly constant thrust force. The cars are light-most of the weight comes from the
As shown in the chapter, scallops use jet propulsion to move from one place to another. Their shells make them denser than INT water, so they normally rest on the ocean floor. If a scallop wishes to
Figure Q4.29 shows block A sitting on top of block B. A constant force \(\vec{F}\) is exerted on block B, causing block B to accelerate to the right. Block A rides on block B without slipping. Which
Show two forces acting on an object at rest. Redraw the diagram, then add a third force that will allow the object to remain at rest. Label the new force
Show two forces acting on an object at rest.Redraw the diagram, then add a third force that will allow the object to remain at rest. Label the new force
Show two forces acting on an object at rest.Redraw the diagram, then add a third force that will allow the object to remain at rest. Label the new force
A mountain climber is hanging from a vertical rope, far above the ground and far from the rock face. ldentify the forces on the mountain climber.
You look up from your textbook and observe a spider, motionless above you, suspended from a strand of spider silk attached to the ceiling. You distract yourself by identifying the forces acting on
A falcon is hovering above the ground, then suddenly pulls in its wings and begins to fall toward the ground. Air resistance is not negligible. Identify the forces on the falcon.
A constant force applied to object A causes it to accelerate at 5 m/s2. The same force applied to object B causes an acceleration of 3 m/s2. Applied to object C, it causes an acceleration of 8 m/s2a.
A compact car has a maximum acceleration of 4.0 m/s2 when it carries only the driver and has a total mass of 1200 kg. What is its maximum acceleration after picking up four passengers and their
A man pulling an empty wagon causes it to accelerate at 1.4 m/s2. What will the acceleration be if he pulls with the same force when the wagon contains a child whose mass is three times that of the
Scallops eject water from their shells to provide a thrust force. The graph shows a smoothed graph of actual data for the initial motion of a 25 g25 g scallop speeding up to escape a predator. What
In t-ball, young players use a bat to hit a stationary ball off a stand. The 140 g ball has about the same mass as a baseball, but it is larger and softer. In one hit, the ball leaves the bat at 12
The motion of a very massive object can be minimally affected by what would seem to be a substantial force. Consider an oil supertanker with mass 3.0×108 kg. Suppose you strapped two jet engines
Very small forces can have tremendous effects on the motion of very small objects. This is particularly apparent at the scale of the atom. An electron, mass 9.1×10−31 kg, experiences a force of
Your car is sitting in the parking lot. Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
Your car is accelerating from a stop.Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
Your car is skidding to a stop from a high speed.Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
Your physics textbook is sliding across the table.Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
An ascending elevator, hanging from a cable, is coming to a stop.Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
You are driving on the highway, and you come to a steep downhill section. As you roll down the hill, you take your foot off the gas pedal. You can ignore friction, but you can' t ignore air
You hold a picture motionless against a wall by pressing on it, as shown in Figure P4.36.Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on the object and draw a free-body
A box is being dragged across the floor at a constant speed by a rope pulling horizontally on it. Friction is not negligible.Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on
A skydiver has his parachute open and is floating downward through the air at a constant speed.Describe a situation. For each problem, identify all the forces acting on the object and draw a
A car is skidding to a stop on a level stretch of road. Identify all the action/reaction pairs of forces between the car and the road surface. Then draw a free-body diagram for the car.
Squid use jet propulsion for rapid escapes. A squid pulls water into its body and then rapidly ejects the water backward to propel itself forward. 1.5 kg squid (not including water mass) can
An elevator, suspended by a single cable, has just left the tenth floor and is speeding up as it descends toward the ground floor.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a
A rocket is being launched straight up. Air resistance is not negligible.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a free body diagram.
A jet plane is speeding down the runway during takeoff. Air resistance is not negligible.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a free body
You've slammed on the brakes and your car is skidding to a stop while going down a 20∘ hill.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a free
A sprinter has just started a race and is speeding up as she runs down the track.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a free body diagram.
A basketball player is getting ready to jump, pushing off the ground and accelerating upward.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a free
A bale of hay sits on the bed of a trailer. The trailer is starting to accelerate forward, and the bale is slipping toward the back of the trailer.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a
A Styrofoam ball has just been shot straight up. Air resistance is not negligible.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a free body
A spring-loaded gun shoots a plastic ball. The trigger has just been pulled and the ball is starting to move down the barrel. The barrel is horizontal.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a
A person on a bridge throws a rock straight down toward the water. The rock has just been released.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a
A gymnast has just landed on a trampoline. She's still moving downward as the trampoline stretches.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification diagram, and a
A heavy box is in the back of a truck. The truck is accelerating to the right. Apply your analysis to the box.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram, a force identification
A bag of groceries is on the back seat of your car as you stop for a stop light. The bag does not slide. Apply your analysis to the bag.Describe a situation. For each problem, draw a motion diagram,
A car has a mass of 1500 kg. If the driver applies the brakes while on a gravel road, the maximum friction force that the tires can provide without skidding is about 7000. If the car is moving at 20
The fastest pitched baseball was clocked at 46 m/s. If the pitcher exerted his force (assumed to be horizontal and constant) over a distance of 1.0 m, and a baseball has a mass of 145 g,a. Draw a
The froghopper, champion leaper of the insect world, can jump straight up at 4.0 m/s. The jump itself lasts a mere 1.0 ms before the insect is clear of the ground.a. Draw a free-body diagram of this
The sum of the three forces acting on the center point of the rope is assumed to be zero becauseA. This point has a very small mass.B. Tension forces in a rope always cancel.C. This point is not
When you are pulling on the rope as shown, what is the approximate direction of the tension force on the tree?A. NorthB. SouthC. EastD. West If your car is stuck in the mud and you don't have a winch
Assume that you are pulling on the rope but the car is not moving. What is the approximate direction of the force of the mud on the car?A. North B. South C. East D. West If your car is stuck in the
Suppose your efforts work, and the car begins to move forward out of the mud. As it does so, the force of the car on the rope isA. Zero.B. Less than the force of the rope on the car.C. Equal to the
An elevator is suspended from a cable. It is moving upward at a steady speed.Which is the correct free body diagram for this situation? 17- T W W B. T W T Felevator I W 13 =0 ticl E.
A ball of weight 200 N is suspended from two cables, one horizontal and one at a 60° angle, as shown. Which of the following must be true of the tension in the angled cable? A. T 200 N B. T=200 N C.
A Martian lander is approaching the surface. It is slowing its descent by firing its rocket motor.Which is the correct free-body diagram for the lander? Descending and slowing A. B. C. D. E.
You're bouncing up and down on a trampoline. After you have left the trampoline and are moving upward, your apparent weight is A. More than your true weight.B. Less than your true weight.C. Equal to
A mountain biker is climbing a steep 20° slope at a constant speed. The cyclist and bike have a combined weight of800 N. Referring to Figure 5.11 for guidance, what can you say about the magnitude
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the size of the friction forces in the five different situations (one or more friction forces could be zero). The box and the floor are made of the same
The terminal speed of a Styrofoam ball is 15 m/s. Suppose a Styrofoam ball is shot straight down with an initial speed of 30 m/s. Which velocity graph is correct? Vy (m/s) Vy (m/s) v, (m/s) vy (m/s)
Boxes P and Q are sliding to the right across a frictionless table. The hand His slowing them down. The mass of P is larger than the mass of Q.Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the horizontal
All three 50 kg blocks are at rest. Is the tension in rope 2 greater than, less than, or equal to the tension in rope 1? 50 kg 2 50 kg 2 50 kg
a. Can the normal force on an object be directed horizontally? If not, why not? If so, provide an example.b. Can the normal force on an object be directed downward? If not, why not? If so, provide an
You are going sledding with your friends, sliding down a snowy hill. Friction can't be ignored. Riding solo on your sled, you have a certain acceleration. Would the acceleration change if you let a
You are walking up an icy slope. Suddenly your feet slip, and you start to slide backward. Will you slide at a constant speed, or will you accelerate?
In Figure Q5.21, block 2 is moving to the right. There is no friction between the floor and block 2, but there is a friction force between blocks 1 and 2 . Pulley FIGURE Q5.21 2

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