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college physics reasoning

Questions and Answers of College Physics Reasoning

Suppose the free-fall acceleration at some location on earth was exactly \(9.8000 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\). What would it be at the top of a \(1000-\mathrm{m}-\) tall tower at this location?
In recent years, astronomers have found planets orbiting nearby stars that are quite different from planets in our solar system. Kepler-12b, has a diameter that is 1.7 times that of Jupiter, but a
In recent years, astronomers have found planets orbiting nearby stars that are quite different from planets in our solar system. Kepler-39b, has a diameter that is 1.2 times that of Jupiter, but a
a. What is the gravitational force of the sun on the earth?b. What is the gravitational force of the moon on the earth?c. The moon's force is what percent of the sun's force?
What is the value of \(g\) on the surface of Saturn? Explain how such a low value is possible given Saturn's large mass100 times that of Earth.
The International Space Station is in a 250-mile-high orbit. What are the station's orbital period, in minutes, and speed?
WASP-32b orbits with a period of only 2.7 days a star with a mass that is 1.1 times that of the sun. How many au from the star is this planet?In recent years, scientists have discovered hundreds of
HD \(10180 \mathrm{~g}\) orbits with a period of 600 days at a distance of 1.4 au from its star. What is the ratio of the star's mass to our sun's mass?In recent years, scientists have discovered
Kepler-42c orbits at a very close 0.0058 au from a small star with a mass that is 0.13 that of the sun. How long is a "year" on this world?In recent years, scientists have discovered hundreds of
The car in Figure P6.51 travels at a constant speed along the road shown. Draw vectors showing its acceleration at the three points \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}\), and \(\mathrm{C}\), or write
A conical pendulum is formed by attaching a \(500 \mathrm{~g}\) ball to a \(1.0-\mathrm{m}\)-long string, then allowing the mass to move in a horizontal circle of radius \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\). Figure P
A car drives over the top of a hill that has a radius of \(50 \mathrm{~m}\). What maximum speed can the car have without flying off the road at the top of the hill?
The two identical pucks in Figure P6.63 rotate together on a frictionless, horizontal table. They are tied together by strings 1 and 2 , each of length \(l\). If they rotate together at a frequency
The ultracentrifuge is an important tool for separating and analyzing proteins in biological research. Because of the enormous centripetal accelerations that can be achieved, the apparatus must be
The direction of the net force on the craft is A. Away from the surface of the moon.B. In the direction of motion.C. Toward the center of the moon.D. Nonexistent, because the net force is zero.
How fast is this spacecraft moving?A. \(53 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)B. \(75 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)C. \(1700 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)D. \(2400 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)
How much time does it take for the spacecraft to complete one orbit?A. \(38 \mathrm{~min}\)B. \(76 \mathrm{~min}\)C. \(110 \mathrm{~min}\)D. \(220 \mathrm{~min}\)
As an audio CD plays, the frequency atwhich the disk spins changes. At 2 10 rpm,the speed of a point on the outside edge ofthe disk is 1.3 mis. At 420 rpm, the speed of a point on the outside edge is
Which particle has angular position 5π/2? A. x. B. x C. X D. x
A ball on the end of a string swings in a horizontal circle onceevery second. State whether the magnitude of each of the following quantities is zero,constant (but not zero), or changing. a. Velocity
A wheel turns freely on an axle atthe center. Given the details noted in Figure 7.21,which one of the forces shown in the figure willprovide the largest positive torque on the wheel? A 2F B 2F r/2 C
Two forces act on the wheel shown. What third force, acting atpoint P, will make the net torque on the wheel zero? Pivot A. B. C. D. E.
The ball s are connected by very lightweight rods pivoted at thepoint indicated by a dot. The rod lengths are all equal except for A, which is twice aslong. Rank in order, from least to greatest, the
Four very lightweight disks of equal radii each have threeidentical heavy marbles glued to them as shown. Rank in order, from largest tosmallest, the moments of inertia of the disks about the
A wheel rolls without slipping. Which is the correct velocityvector for point P on the wheel? A. B. C. D. E.
Figure Q7.3 shows four pulleys, each with a heavy and a light block strung over it. The blocks' velocities are shown. What are the signs ( + or - ) of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of
If you are using a wrench to loosen a very stubborn nut, you can make the job easier by using a "cheater pipe." This is a piece of pipe that slides over the handle of the wrench, as shown in Figure
Five forces are applied to a door, as seen from above in Figure Q7.5. For each force, is the torque about the hinge positive, negative, or zero? Fe F Fe Fa Fb FIGURE Q7.5
A screwdriver with a very thick handle requires less force to operate than one with a very skinny handle. Explain why this is so.
If you have ever driven a truck, you likely found that it had a steering wheel with a larger diameter than that of a passenger car. Why is this?
A common type of door stop is a wedge made of rubber. Is such a stop more effective when jammed under the door near or far from the hinges? Why?
A student gives a steady push to a ball at the end of a massless, rigid rod for I s, causing the ball to rotate clockwise in a horizontal circle as shown in Figure Q7.9. The rod's pivot is friction
You can use a simple technique to find the center of gravity of an irregular shape. Figure Q7. 10 shows a cardboard cutout of the outline of the continental United States. The map is suspended from
If you grasp a hammer by its lightweight handle and wave it back and forth, and then grasp it by its much heavier head and wave it back and forth, as in the figure, you' II find that you can wave the
Suppose you have two identical-looking metal spheres of the same size and the same mass. One of them is solid; the other is hollow.Describe a simple test that you could do to determine which is which.
The wheel in Figure Q7.15 is rolling to the right without slipping. Rank in order, from fastest to slowest, the speeds of the points labeled 1 through 5 . Explain your reasoning. FIGURE Q7.15
With care, it's possible to walk on top of a barrel as it rolls. It is much easier to do this if the barrel is full than if it is empty. Explain why this is so.
A nut needs to be fightened with a wrench. Which force shown in Figure Q7.17 will apply the greatest torque to the nut? FIGURE Q7.17 A. C. B. APA
Suppose a bolt on your car engine needs to be tightened to a torque of \(20 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\). You are using a \(15-\mathrm{cm}-\) long wrench, and you apply a force at the very end in
A machine part is made up of two pieces, with centers of gravity shown in Figure Q7.19. Which point could be the center of gravity of the entire part?Figure Q7.19 A. D B. Center of gravity of piece 2
A typical compact disk has a mass of \(15 \mathrm{~g}\) and a diameter of \(120 \mathrm{~mm}\). What is its moment of inertia about an axis through its center, perpendicular to the disk?A. \(2.7
Suppose manufacturers increase the size of compact disks so that they are made of the same material and have the same thickness as a current disk but have twice the diameter. By what factor will the
Two horizontal rods are each held up by vertical strings tied to their ends. Rod 1 has length \(L\) and mass \(M\); rod 2 has length \(2 L\) and mass \(2 M\). Each rod then has one of its supporting
A baseball bat has a thick, heavy barrel and a thin, light handle. If you want to hold a baseball bat on your palm so that it balances vertically, you shouldA. Put the end of the handle in your palm,
A particle undergoing circular motion in the \(x y\)-plane stops on the positive \(y\)-axis. Which of the following does not describe its angular position?A. \(\pi / 2 \mathrm{rad}\)B. \(\pi
What is the approximate angular speed of the skater during the leap?A. \(2 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\)B. \(6 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\)C. \(9 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\)D. \(20 \mathrm{rad} /
The skater's arms are fully extended during the jump. What is the approximate centripetal acceleration of the skater's hand?A. \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\)B. \(30 \mathrm{~m} /
The earth's radius is about 4000 miles. Kampala, the capital of Uganda, and Singapore are both nearly on the equator. The distance between them is 5000 miles.a. Through what angle do you turn,
The \(1.00-\mathrm{cm}-\) long second hand on a watch rotates smoothly.a. What is its angular velocity?b. What is the speed of the tip of the hand?
The earth's radius is \(6.37 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m}\); it rotates once every 24 hours.a. What is the earth's angular speed?b. Viewed from a point above the north pole, is the angular velocity
Balls are attached to light rods and can move in horizontal circles as shown in Figure P7.17. Rank in order, from smallest to largest, the torques \(\tau_{1}\) to \(\tau_{4}\) about the centers of
Six forces, each of magnitude either \(F\) or \(2 F\), are applied to a door as seen from above in Figure P7.18. Rank in order, from smallest to largest, the six torques \(\tau_{1}\) to \(\tau_{6}\)
The tune-up specifications of a car call for the spark plugs to be tightened to a torque of \(38 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\). You plan to tighten the plugs by pulling on the end of a
A professor's office door is \(0.91 \mathrm{~m}\) wide, \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) high, and \(4.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) thick; has a mass of \(25 \mathrm{~kg}\); and pivots on frictionless hinges. A "door closer"
In Figure P7.22, force \(\vec{F}_{2}\) acts half as far from the pivot as \(\vec{F}_{1}\). What magnitude of \(\vec{F}_{2}\) causes the net torque on the rod to be zero? FIGURE P7.22 F2 45 F = 20.0 N
An athlete at the gym holds a \(3.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) steel ball in his hand. His\(B 10 \mathrm{arm}\) is \(70 \mathrm{~cm}\) long and has a mass of \(4.0 \mathrm{~kg}\). What is the magnitude of the
A regulation table tennis ball is a thin spherical shell \(40 \mathrm{~mm}\) in diameter with a mass of \(2.7 \mathrm{~g}\). What is its moment of inertia about an axis that passes through its center?
Three pairs of balls are connected by very light rods as shown in Figure P7.38. Rank in order, from smallest to largest, the moments of inertia \(I_{1}, I_{2}\), and \(I_{3}\) about axes through the
A playground toy has four seats, each \(5.0 \mathrm{~kg}\), attached to very light, \(1.5-\mathrm{m}\)-long rods, as seen from above in Figure P7.39. If two children, with masses of \(15
a. What is the moment of inertia of the door in Problem 21?b. If you let go of the open door, what is its angular acceleration immediately afterward?Problem 21A professor's office door is \(0.91
There is a photograph of a girl pushing on a large stone sphere. The sphere has a mass of \(8200 \mathrm{~kg}\) and a radius of \(90 \mathrm{~cm}\). Suppose that she pushes on the sphere tangent to
A \(2.0-\mathrm{m}-\) long slab of concrete is supported by rollers, as shown in Figure P7.54. If the slab is pushed to the right, it will move off the supporting rollers, one by one, on the left
Figure P7.55 shows the angular position-versus-time graph INT for a particle moving in a circle.a. Write a description of the particle's motion.b. Draw the angular velocity-versus-time graph. e (rad)
A car with 58-cm-diameter tires accelerates uniformly from NTT rest to \(20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) in \(10 \mathrm{~s}\). How many times does each tire rotate?
The cable lifting an elevator is wrapped around a \(1.0-\mathrm{m}-\) diameter cylinder that is turned by the elevator's motor. The elevator is moving upward at a speed of \(1.6 \mathrm{~m} /
A combination lock has a 1.0 -cm-diameter knob that is part of the dial you turn to unlock the lock. To turn that knob, you grip it between your thumb and forefinger with a force of \(0.60
A \(70 \mathrm{~kg}\) man's arm, including the hand, can be modeled as a \(75-\mathrm{cm}\)-long uniform cylinder with a mass of \(3.5 \mathrm{~kg}\). In raising both his arms, from hanging down to
The ropes in Figure P7.65 are each wrapped around a cylinder, and the two cylinders are fastened together. The smaller cylinder has a diameter of \(10 \mathrm{~cm}\) and a mass of \(5.0
Flywheels are large, massive wheels used to store energy. They can be spun up slowly, then the wheel's energy can be released quickly to accomplish a task that demands high power. An industrial
What is the angular acceleration of the anther sac during the motion?A. \(3.5 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\)B. \(7.0 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\)C. \(1.2 \times 10^{7}
What is the speed of the anther sac as it releases its pollen?A. \(3.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)B. \(7.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)C. \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)D. \(14 \mathrm{~m} /
How large is the "straightening torque"? (You can omit gravitational forces from your calculation; the gravitational torque is much less than this.)A. \(2.3 \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{~N} \cdot
To perform this maneuver, the dancer relies on the fact that the position of her center of gravityA. Is near the center of the torso.B. Is determined by the positions of her arms and legs.C. Moves in
Suppose you wish to make a vertical leap with the goal of getting your head as high as possible above the ground. At the top of your leap, your arms should be A. Held at your sides.B. Raised above
When the dancer is in the air, is there a gravitational torque on her? Take the dancer's rotation axis to be through her center of gravity.A. Yes, there is a gravitational torque.B. No, there is not
In addition to changing her center of gravity, a dancer may change her moment of inertia. Consider her moment of inertia about a vertical axis through the center of her body. When she raises her arms
Trace the vectors in Figure P3.1 onto your paper. Then use graphical methods to draw the vectors (a) \(\vec{A}+\vec{B}\) and (b) \(\vec{A}-\vec{B}\). B FIGURE P3.1
Trace the vectors in Figure P3.2 onto your paper. Then use graphical methods to draw the vectors (a) \(\vec{A}+\vec{B}\) and (b) \(\vec{A}-\vec{B}\). A FIGURE P3.2 B
Figure 3.10 showed the motion diagram for a rider on a Ferris wheel that was turning at a constant speed. The inset to the figure showed how to find the acceleration vector at the rightmost point/
A velocity vector \(40^{\circ}\) above the positive \(x\)-axis has a \(y\)-component of \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). What is the value of its \(x\)-component?
Josh is climbing up a steep \(34^{\circ}\) slope, moving at a steady \(0.75 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) along the ground. How many meters of elevation does he gain in one minute of this climb?
Each of the following vectors is given in terms of its \(x\) - and \(y\)-components. Draw the vector, label an angle that specifies the vector's direction, then find the vector's magnitude and
A wildlife researcher is tracking a flock of geese. The geese fly \(4.0 \mathrm{~km}\) due west, then turn toward the north by \(40^{\circ}\) and fly another \(4.0 \mathrm{~km}\). How far west are
A car turns into a driveway that slopes upward at a \(9.0^{\circ}\) angle. The car is moving at \(6.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). If the driver lets the car coast, how far along the slope will the
Anita is running to the right at \(5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), as shown in Figure P3.21. Balls 1 and 2 are thrown toward her at \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) by friends standing on the ground.
An airplane cruises at \(880 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\) relative to the air. It is flying from Denver, Colorado, due west to Reno, Nevada, a distance of \(1200 \mathrm{~km}\), and will then return.
Anita is running to the right at \(5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), as shown in Figure P3.23. Balls 1 and 2 are thrown toward her by friends standing on the ground. According to Anita, both balls are
Raindrops are falling straight down at \(12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) when suddenly the wind starts blowing horizontally at a brisk \(4.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). From your point of view, the
A pipe discharges storm water into a creek. Water flows horizontally out of the pipe at \(1.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), and the end of the pipe is \(2.5 \mathrm{~m}\) above the creek. How far out
On a day when the water is flowing relatively gently, water in the Niagara River is moving horizontally at \(4.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) before shooting over Niagara Falls. After moving over the
A gray kangaroo can bound across a flat stretch of ground with each jump carrying it \(10 \mathrm{~m}\) from the takeoff point. If the kangaroo leaves the ground at a \(20^{\circ}\) angle, what are
On the Apollo 14 mission to the moon, astronaut Alan Shepard hit a golf ball with a golf club improvised from a tool. The free-fall acceleration on the moon is \(1 / 6\) of its value on earth.
A sprinkler mounted on the ground sends out a jet of water at a \(30^{\circ}\) angle to the horizontal. The water leaves the nozzle at a speed of \(12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). How far does the
A good quarterback can throw a football at \(27 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) (about \(60 \mathrm{mph}\) ). If we assume that the ball is caught at the same height from which it is thrown, and if we
The Scion iQ is a compact car that is capable of very tight turns-it can spin around in a circle \(8.0 \mathrm{~m}\) in diameter. If a driver goes around such a circle at \(5 \mathrm{~m} /
In a roundabout (or traffic circle), cars go around a 25-m-diameter circle. If a car's tires will skid when the car experiences a centripetal acceleration greater than \(0.60 \mathrm{~g}\), what is
A particle rotates in a circle with centripetal acceleration \(a=8.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\). What is \(a\) ifa. The radius is doubled without changing the particle's speed?b. The speed is
Entrance and exit ramps for freeways are often circular stretches of road. As you go around one at a constant speed, you will experience a constant acceleration. Suppose you drive through an entrance
A peregrine falcon in a tight, circular turn can attain a centripetal acceleration 1.5 times the free-fall acceleration. If the falcon is flying at \(20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), what is the radius
Suppose \(\vec{C}=\vec{A}+\vec{B}\) where vector \(\vec{A}\) has components \(A_{x}=5\), \(A_{y}=2\) and vector \(\vec{B}\) has components \(B_{x}=-3, B_{y}=-5\).a. What are the \(x\) - and

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