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college physics with an integrated approach

College Physics With An Integrated Approach To Forces And Kinematics 5th Edition Alan Giambattista - Solutions

In a bicycle speedometer, a bar magnet is attached to the spokes of the wheel and a coil is attached to the frame so that the north pole of the magnet moves past it once for every revolution of the wheel. As the magnet moves past the coil, a pulse of current is induced in the coil. A computer then
The current in the long wire is decreasing. What is the direction of the current induced in the conducting loop below the wire?(a) Counterclockwise (CCW)(b) Clockwise (CW)(c) CCW or CW depending on the shape of the loop(d) No current is induced. O -Long wire Conducting loop
The loop moves at a constant 10 cm/s. Plot a graph of the current in the loop as a function of time. Label the axes with numerical values and take counterclockwise current to be positive.In Fig. 20.4, a square metal loop of side 4.0 cm and resistance 5.0 Ω moves to the right (+x-direction)
The loop moves at a constant 1.0 cm/s. Plot a graph of the external force applied to the loop (to keep it moving at constant velocity) as a function of time. Plot it as an x-component (i.e., positive is to the right and negative is to the left). Label the axes with numerical values.In Fig. 20.4, a
The loop moves at a constant 2.0 cm/s. Plot a graph of the magnetic force on side c (the right side of the loop) as a function of time. Plot it as an x-component (i.e., positive is to the right and negative is to the left). Label the axes with numerical values.In Fig. 20.4, a square metal loop of
For each of the experiments (1, 2, 3, 4) shown, in what direction does current flow through the resistor? Note that the wires are not always wrapped around the plastic tube in the same way. P S (1) S to be closed P e (3) Coil moves to right e P S (2) S to be opened P (4) Coil moves left e
The figure shows a region of uniform magnetic field out of the page. Outside the region, the magnetic field is zero. Some rectangular wire loops move as indicated. Which of the loops would feel a magnetic force directed to the right? 3 14 2
A moving magnet microphone is similar to a moving coil microphone (Fig. 20.15) except that the coil is stationary and the magnet is attached to the diaphragm, which moves in response to sound waves in the air. If, in response to a sound wave, the magnet move according to x(t) = A sin ωt, the
Two wire loops are side by side, as shown. The current I1 in loop 1 is supplied by an external source (not shown) and is clockwise as viewed from the right.While I1 is increasing, what is the direction of the magnetic force exerted on loop 2, if any? Explain. 1 11 T 1 CW 2 CCW
In a moving coil microphone, the induced emf in the coil at any instant depends mainly on(a) The displacement of the coil.(b) The velocity of the coil.(c) The acceleration of the coil.
Two wire loops are side by side, as shown. The current I1 in loop 1 is supplied by an external source (not shown) and is clockwise as viewed from the right.While I1 is increasing, does current flow in loop 2? If so, does it flow clockwise or counterclockwise as viewed from the right? Explain.
If the magnetic fields produced by the x-, y-, and z-coils in an MRI (see Section 19.8) are changed too rapidly, the patient may experience twitching or tingling sensations. What do you think might be the cause of these sensations? Why does the much stronger static field not cause twitching or
Two wire loops are side by side, as shown. The current I1 in loop 1 is supplied by an external source (not shown) and is clockwise as viewed from the right.While I1 is constant, does current flow in loop 2? If so, does it flow clockwise or counterclockwise as viewed from the right? Explain.
An airplane is flying due east. Earth’s magnetic field has a downward vertical component and a horizontal component due north. Which point on the plane’s exterior accumulates positive charge due to the motional emf?(a) The nose (the point farthest east)(b) The tail (the point farthest west)(c)
A circular conducting loop with radius 3.40 cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.880 T with the plane of the loop perpendicular to the magnetic field, as shown. The loop is rotated 180° about the axis in 0.222 s. (a) As the loop begins to rotate, does the induced current flow
The magnetic field between the poles of a magnet has magnitude 0.55 T. A circular loop of wire with radius 3.2 cm is placed between the poles so the field makes an angle of 22° with the plane of the loop. What is the magnetic flux through the loop?
In the figure, switch S is initially open. It is closed, and then opened again a few seconds later. (a) In what direction does current flow through the ammeter when switch S is closed? (b) In what direction does current flow when switch S is then opened? (c) Sketch a qualitative
A circular conducting loop with radius 1.8 cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.88 T with the plane of the coil perpendicular to the magnetic field as shown. The magnetic field decreases to 0.36 T in a time interval of 29 ms. What is the average induced emf in the loop during this interval?
An external magnetic field parallel to the central axis of a 50 turn coil of radius 5.0 cm increases from 0 to 1.8 T in 3.6 s. (a) If the resistance of the coil is 2.8 Ω, what is the magnitude of the induced current in the coil? (b) What is the direction of the current if the axial
A bar magnet approaches a coil as shown. (a) In which direction does current flow through the galvanometer as the magnet approaches? (b) How does the magnitude of the current depend on the number of turns in the coil? (The resistance of the coil is negligible compared with the resistance
An external magnetic field is parallel to the central axis of a 50 turn coil of radius 5.0 cm. During an interval of 160 ms, the field changes from 0.20 T in one direction to 0.30 T in the opposite direction. The resistance of the coil is 82 Q. What is the average induced current in the coil during
Another example of motional emf is a rod attached at one end and rotating in a plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field. We can analyze this motional emf using Faraday’s law. (a) Consider the area that the rod sweeps out in each revolution and find the magnitude of the emf in terms of
Crocodiles are thought to be able to detect changes in the flux due to Earth’s magnetic field as they move their heads. Suppose a crocodile is initially facing north. The horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field is 30 μT. Consider a vertical, circular loop of neurons inside the
Tim is using a cordless electric weed trimmer with a dc motor to cut the long weeds in his backyard. The trimmer generates a back emf of 18.00 V when it is connected to an emf of 24.0 V dc. The total electrical resistance of the electric motor is 8.00 Ω. (a) How much current flows through the
In this problem, you derive the expression for the self-inductance of a long solenoid [Eq. (20-30)]. The solenoid has n turns per unit length, length ℓ, and radius r. Assume that the current flowing in the solenoid is I. (a) Write an expression for the magnetic field inside the solenoid in
An ideal transformer with 1800 turns on the primary and 300 turns on the secondary is used in an electric slot car racing set to reduce the input voltage amplitude of 170 V from the wall output. The current in the secondary coil is of amplitude 3.2 A. What is the voltage amplitude across the
A 5.0 mH inductor and a 10.0 Q resistor are connected in series with a 6.0 V dc battery. (a) What is the voltage across the resistor immediately after the switch is closed? (b) What is the voltage across the resistor after the switch has been closed for a long time? (c) What is the
An ideal transformer takes an ac voltage of amplitude 170 V as its input and supplies a 7.8 V amplitude to a circuit that converts it to dc. The primary has 300 turns. (a) How many turns does the secondary have? (b) When the circuit uses a power of 5.0 W, what is the amplitude of the
A solenoid is made of 300.0 turns of wire, wrapped around a hollow cylinder of radius 1.2 cm and length 6.0 cm. What is the selfinductance of the solenoid? A solenoid of length 2.8 cm and
The main magnet in an MRI machine is a superconducting solenoid 1.8 m long and 70 cm in diameter. During normal operation, the current through the windings is 120 A and the magnetic field magnitude is 1.5 T. (a) How many turns does the solenoid have? (b) How much energy is stored in the
A 0.67 mH inductor and a 130Ω. resistor are placed in series with a 24 V battery. (a) How long will it take for the current to reach 67% of its maximum value? (b) What is the maximum energy stored in the inductor? (c) How long will it take for the energy stored in the inductor to
A coil has an inductance of 0.15 H and a resistance of 33 Ω. The coil is connected to a 6.0 V ideal battery. When the current reaches half its maximum value: (a) At what rate is magnetic energy being stored in the inductor? (b) At what rate is energy being dissipated? (c) What is
A circular loop of wire moves in one of three directions near a long, straight current-carrying wire. For each case, find the direction of the current in the loop, the direction of the magnetic force on the loop, and the direction of the magnetic force on the straight wire. 1- (a) - (b)
At what time is the current in the inductor 0.0010 times its initial value?In the circuit, switch S is opened at t = 0 after having been closed for a long time. 6.0 V · S 12 Ω ww 18 Ω ell 30.30 Η
At what time is energy stored in the inductor 0.10 times its initial value?In the circuit, switch S is opened at t = 0 after having been closed for a long time. 6.0 V · S 12 Ω ww 18 Ω ell 30.30 Η
A bar magnet is initially at rest inside a coil as shown. The magnet is then pulled out from the left side. (a) In which direction does current flow through the galvanometer as the magnet is pulled away? (b) How would the magnitude of the current change if two such magnets were used, held
Refer to Fig. 20.2. The rod has length L and its position is x at some instant, as shown in the figure. Express your answers in terms of x, L, v, B (the magnetic field magnitude), and R, as needed. (a) What is the area enclosed by the conducting loop at this instant? (b) What is the
The main magnet in an MRI machine is a superconducting solenoid 1.8 m long and 30 cm in radius. During normal operation, the current through the windings is 100 A, the resistance of the windings is zero, and the magnetic field magnitude is 1.5 T. (a) What is its inductance? (b) The magnet
In the ac generator of Fig. 20.6, the emf produced is ℰ(t) = ωBA sin ωt. If the generator is connected to a load of resistance R, then the current that flows is(a) Find the magnetic forces on sides 2 and 4 at the instant shown in Fig. 20.7. (Remember that θ = ωt.) (b) Why do the magnetic
The outside of an ideal solenoid (N1 turns, length ℓ, radius r) is wound with a coil of wire with N2 turns. If the current in the solenoid is changing at a rate ΔI1/Δt, what is the magnitude of the induced emf in the coil?
Find the magnetic field at the center of the square.Four long parallel wires pass through the corners of a square with side 0.10 m. All four wires carry the same magnitude of current I = 10.0 A in the directions indicated. R X P I X I I
A square loop of wire is made up of 50 turns of wire, 45 cm on each side. The loop is immersed in a 1.4 T magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The loop of wire has little resistance but it is connected to two resistors in parallel as shown. (a) When the loop of wire is
A CRT requires a 20.0 kV amplitude power supply. (a) What is the turns ratio of the transformer that raises the 170 V amplitude household voltage to 20.0 kV? (b) If the tube draws 82 W of power, find the currents in the primary and secondary windings. Assume an ideal transformer.
A flip coil is a device used to measure a magnetic field. A coil of radius r, N turns, and electrical resistance R is initially perpendicular to a magnetic field of magnitude B. The coil is connected to a special kind of galvanometer that measures the total charge Q that flows through it. To
Find the magnetic field at point P, the midpoint of the top side of the square.Four long parallel wires pass through the corners of a square with side 0.10 m. All four wires carry the same magnitude of current I = 10.0 A in the directions indicated. R X P I X I I
An infinitely long, thick cylindrical shell of inner radius a and outer radius b carries a current I uniformly distributed across a cross section of the shell. (a) On a sketch of a cross section of the shell, draw some magnetic field lines. The current flows out of the page. Consider all
A 50 turn coil with a radius of 10.0 cm is mounted so the coil’s axis can be oriented in any horizontal direction. Initially the axis is oriented so the magnetic flux from Earth’s field is maximized. If the coil’s axis is rotated through 90.0° in 0.080 s, an average emf of 0.687 mV is
An ideal solenoid (N1 turns, length ℓ1, radius r1) is placed inside another ideal solenoid (N2 turns, length ℓ2 > ℓ1, radius r2 > r1) such that the axes of the two coincide. If the current in the outer solenoid is changing at a rate ΔI2/Δt, what is the magnitude of the induced emf in
The accelerating plates have area A and are a distance d apart. (a) What should the charges on the plates be so the ions emerge at speed v, ignoring their initial kinetic energies? Indicate which plate is positive and which negative. (b) Sketch the electric field lines between the plates.
Find the magnetic field at point R, the midpoint of the left side of the square.Four long parallel wires pass through the corners of a square with side 0.10 m. All four wires carry the same magnitude of current I = 10.0 A in the directions indicated. R X P I X I I
A square loop of wire with side 0.60 m carries a current of 9.0 A as shown in the side-view diagram. When there is no applied magnetic field, the plane of the loop is horizontal and the nonconducting, nonmagnetic spring (k = 550 N/m) is unstretched. A horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 1.3 T is
In this problem, use Ampere's law to show that the magnetic field inside a long solenoid is B = μ0nI. Assume that the field inside the solenoid is uniform and parallel to the axis and that the field outside is zero. Choose a rectangular path for Ampere's law. (a) Write down B∣∣ Δl for
Compare the electric energy that can be stored in a capacitor to the magnetic energy that can be stored in an inductor of the same size (i.e., the same volume). For the capacitor, assume that air is between the plates; the maximum electric field is then the breakdown strength of air, about 3 MV/m.
Four long straight wires, each with current I, overlap to form a square with side 2r. (a) Find the magnetic field at the center of the square.(b) Compare your answer with the magnetic field at the center of a circular loop of radius r carrying current I [see Eq. (19-32)]. B = HONI 2r
In the past, bicycles used small bottle-shaped dc generators to power the headlight. A small wheel (the top of the “bottle”) in contact with a tire caused the shaft of the generator to rotate. Suppose the generator has 150 turns of wire in a circular coil of radius 1.8 cm. The magnetic field
You are designing the main solenoid for an MRI machine. The solenoid should be 1.5 m long. When the current is 80 A, the magnetic field inside should be 1.5 T. How many turns should your solenoid have?
In a certain region of space, there is a uniform electric field . V/m directed due east and a uniform magnetic field also directed due east. What is the electromagnetic force on an electron moving due south at 5.0 × 106 m/s?
What is the greatest possible magnetic force on the sodium ion due to Earth's field?A sodium ion (Na+) moves along with the blood in an artery of diameter 1.0 cm. The ion has mass 22.99 u and charge +e.The maximum blood speed in the artery is 4.25 m/s. Earth's magnetic field in the location of the
If the magnetic force due to Earth's field were the only force on the ion, what would the smallest possible radius of its trajectory be?A sodium ion (Na+) moves along with the blood in an artery of diameter 1.0 cm. The ion has mass 22.99 u and charge +e.The maximum blood speed in the artery is 4.25
An engineer wants to design a toy racetrack using an electromagnetic rail gun (see Problem 122) to accelerate a car of mass 40 g starting from rest. The horizontal rails are to be 1.0 m long and 2.0 cm apart. The magnetic field in the rail gun is to be 0.10 T upward. Leaving the rail gun, the car
Magnetic forces cause an excess of positive ions to flow along one side of the artery and negative ions on the opposite side. What is the greatest possible potential difference across the artery?A sodium ion (Na+) moves along with the blood in an artery of diameter 1.0 cm. The ion has mass 22.99 u
An early cyclotron at Cornell University was used from the 1930s to the 1950s to accelerate protons, which would then bombard various nuclei. The cyclotron used a large electromagnet with an iron yoke to produce a uniform magnetic field of 1.3 T over a region in the shape of a flat cylinder. Two
Two identical long straight conducting wires with a mass per unit length of 25.0 g/m are resting parallel to each other on a table. The wires are separated by 2.5 mm and are carrying currents in opposite directions. (a) If the coefficient of static friction between the wires and the table is
The uniform magnetic field in the velocity selector is directed out of the page and has magnitude B. (a) What should the magnitude and direction of the electric field in the selector be to allow ions with speed v to pass straight through? (b) Sketch the trajectory inside the velocity
Suppose some 235U+ ions are present in the beam. They have the same charge as the 238U+ ions but a smaller mass (approximately 0.987 37m). (a) With what speed do the 235U+ ions emerge from the accelerating plates, assuming 238U+ ions emerge with speed v? (b) Sketch the trajectory of 235U+
An electric current is induced in a conducting loop by all but one of these processes. Which one does not produce an induced current? (a) Rotating the loop so that it cuts across magnetic field (b) Lines placing the loop so that its area is perpendicular to a changing magnetic field(c)
Suppose the switch in Fig. 20.21 has been closed for a long time but is suddenly opened at t = t0. Which of these graphs best represents the current in coil 2 as a function of time? I2 is positive if it flows from A to B through the resistor. Coil 1 A Coil 2 من B
Suppose some 238U2+ ions are present in the beam. They have the same mass m as the 238U+ ions but twice the charge (+2e). (a) With what speed do the 238U2+ ions emerge from the accelerating plates, assuming 238U+ ions emerge with speed v? (b) Sketch the trajectory of 238U2+ ions inside
A vertical metal rod of length 20 cm moves south at constant speed 2.6 m/s in a 0.60 T magnetic field directed west. (a) Which end of the rod has an accumulation of excess electrons? (b) What is the potential difference between the ends of the rod?
In a transformer, two coils are wound around an iron core; an alternating current in one coil induces an emf in the second. The core is normally made of either laminated iron—thin sheets of iron with an insulating material between them—or a bundle of parallel insulated iron wires. Why not just
A vertical metal rod of length 36 cm moves north at constant speed 1.6 m/s in a 0.40 T magnetic field directed 27° east of north. (a) Which end of the rod has an accumulation of excess electrons? (b) What is the potential difference between the ends of the rod?
In Fig. 20.2, the distance between the rails is L = 5.0 cm. The metal rod is sliding to the right at v = 16 cm/s and the magnetic field has magnitude B = 0.75 T. The rod and rails have negligible resistance compared with the resistor (R = 180 Ω). Find (a) The current in the rod, (b) The
A split-ring commutator is used in a dc generator to (a) Rotate a loop so that it cuts through magnetic field lines.(b) Reverse the connections to an armature so that the current periodically reverses direction.(c) Reverse the connections to an armature so that the current does not reverse
Refer to the bubble chamber tracks in Fig. 19.16a. Suppose that particle 2 moves in a smaller circle than particle 1. Can we conclude that ∣q2∣ > ∣q1∣? Explain. FB (a) B. (b) vx B
In a CRT, electrons moving at 1.8 × 107 m/s pass between the poles of an electromagnet where the magnetic field is 2.0 mT directed upward. (a) What is the radius of their circular path while in the magnetic field? (b) The time the electrons spend in the magnetic field is 0.41 ns. By what
If a magnet is held near the screen of a CRT (see Sec. 16.5), the picture is distorted. [Don't try this—see part (b).] (a) Why is the picture distorted? (b) With a color CRT, the distortion remains even after the magnet is removed. Explain. (A color CRT has a metal mask just behind the
A cosmic ray muon with the same charge as an electron and a mass of 1.9 × 10−28 kg is moving toward the ground at an angle of 25° from the vertical with a speed of 7.0 × 107 m/s. As it crosses point P, the muon is at a horizontal distance of 85.0 cm from a high-voltage power line. At that
Find the magnetic force on the electron at point c. a 20.0° || d 20.0° e 30.0⁰ b B
Find the magnetic force on the electron at point b. a 20,0° || d 20.00 e 30.0⁰ b B
Find the magnetic force on the electron at point a.Several electrons move at speed 8.0 × 105 m/s in a uniform magnetic field with magnitude B = 0.40 T directed downward. a 20.0° d 20.0⁰ e || 30.0⁰ B
What is the direction of the magnetic force on charge 2 if q2 > 0?A wire carries current as shown in the figure. Charged particles 1, 2, 3, and 4 move in the directions indicated. Answer choices for Questions 6–8: (a) ↑ (b) ↓ (c) (d) (e) x (into page) (out of page) (f) (g) the force is
Computer speakers that are intended to be placed near a CRT computer monitor are magnetically shielded—either they don't use magnets or they are designed so that their magnets produce only a small magnetic field nearby. Why is the shielding important? What might happen if an ordinary speaker (not
What is the direction of the magnetic force on charge 1 if q1 < 0?In the figure, four point charges move in the directions indicated in the vicinity of a bar magnet. The magnet, charge positions, and velocity vectors all lie in the plane of this page. Answer choices: (a) ↑ (b)
In a CRT (see Section 16.5), a constant electric field accelerates the electrons to high speed; then a magnetic field is used to deflect the electrons to the side. Why can't a constant magnetic field be used to speed up the electrons?
Given two identical, ideal batteries of emf and two identical incandescent lightbulbs of resistance R (assumed constant), find the total power dissipated in the circuit in terms of and R. E
Consider the camera flash in Problem 96. If the flash really discharges according to Eq. (18-48), then it takes an infinite amount of time to discharge. When Problem 96 assumes that the capacitor discharges in 4.0 × 10−3 s, we mean that the capacitor has almost no charge stored on it after
Consider the circuit shown with R1 = 25 Ω, R2 = 33 Ω, C1 = 12 μF, C2 = 23 μF, C3 = 46 μF, and V = 6.0 V. (a) Draw an equivalent circuit with one resistor and one capacitor and label it with the values of the equivalent resistor and capacitor. (b) A long time after switch S
Pure water has very few ions (about 1.2 × 1014 ions per cubic centimeter), giving it a high resistivity, about 1 × 105 Ω·m at 37°C. Blood plasma has a much lower resistivity of roughly 0.6 Ω·m at 37°C due to the ions dissolved in the plasma. Assuming the resistivity depends only on the
Some digital thermometers measure the current through a semiconductor to determine a patient's temperature. If a thermometer uses a germanium wire that has a resistance of R at 37.0°C (normal body temperature), what is its resistance at 40.0°C?
Two copper wires, one double the diameter of the other, have the same current flowing through them. If the thinner wire has a drift speed v1 and the thicker wire has a drift speed v2 how do the drift speeds of the charge carriers compare?A. v1 = v2B. 4 v1 = v2C. 2 v1 = v2D. v1 = 4 v2E. v1
Six copper wires are characterized by their dimensions and by the current they carry. Rank the wires in order of decreasing drift velocity.(a) Diameter 2 mm, length 2 m, current 80 mA(b) Diameter 1 mm, length 1 m, current 80 mA(c) Diameter 4 mm, length 16 m, current 40 mA(d) Diameter 2 mm, length 2
Which of these is equal to the emf of a battery?(a) The chemical energy stored in the battery(b) The terminal voltage of the battery when no current flows(c) The maximum current that the battery can supply(d) The amount of charge the battery can pump the chemical energy stored in the battery
If a capacitor has a capacitance of 10.2 μF and we wish to lower the potential difference across the plates by 60.0 V, what magnitude of charge will we have to remove from each plate?
Use Gauss’s law to derive an expression for the electric field outside the thin spherical shell of Conceptual Example 16.8.
Small animals eat much more food per kilogram of body mass than do larger animals. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal energy intake necessary to sustain life in a state of complete inactivity. The table lists the BMR in kilocalories per day, the mass, and the surface area for five
A 75 kg block of ice at 0.0°C breaks off from a glacier, slides along the frictionless ice to the ground from a height of 2.43 m, and then slides along a horizontal surface consisting of gravel and dirt. Find how much of the mass of the ice is melted by the friction with the rough surface,
Two aluminum blocks are in thermal contact. (a) Are the blocks necessarily in physical contact? Explain. (b) If they have the same temperature, do they necessarily have the same internal energy? Explain. (c) If their internal energies are not equal, is there necessarily a net energy
A metal rod with a diameter of 2.30 cm and length of 1.10 m has one end immersed in ice at 32.0°F and the other end in boiling water at 212°F. If the ice melts at a rate of 1.32 g every 175 s, what is the thermal conductivity of this metal? What metal could it be? Assume there is no heat lost to
A room in which the air temperature is held constant may feel warm in the summer but cool in the winter. Explain.
Why is drinking water in a camp located near the equator often kept in porous jars?

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