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college physics with an integrated approach

Questions and Answers of College Physics With An Integrated Approach

An object is attached to an ideal spring of spring constant 2.5 N/m. The spring is initially in its relaxed position. The object is then released and oscillates about its equilibrium position. The
The displacement of an object in SHM is given by y(t) = (8.0 cm) sin [(1.57 rad/s)t]. What is the frequency of the oscillations?
A 230.0 g object on a spring oscillates on a frictionless horizontal surface with frequency 2.00 Hz and amplitude 8.00 cm. Its position as a function of time is given by x = A sin ωt. (a)
An object moves in SHM. Its position as a function of time is x(t) = A cos ωt. (a) Apply conservation of energy to show that vx(t) = ±ωA sin ωt.(b) Then refer to a graph of x(t) to explain
Each of five pendulums has a bob of mass m suspended from a string of length L. Rank them in order of their frequency for smallamplitude oscillations, greatest to smallest. (a) m = 300 g, L = 1.10
What is the period of a pendulum consisting of a 6.0 kg mass hanging from a 4.0 m long string?
A pendulum (mass m) moves according to x = A sin ωt. (a) Write the equation for vx(t) and sketch one cycle of the vx(t) graph. (b) What is the maximum kinetic energy?
Max’s arm weighs 34 N and is 63 cm long. If Max lets his relaxed arm swing back and forth like a pendulum, what is the period? Model the arm as a uniform rod.
The pendulum for a grandfather clock consists of a thin rigid rod (of negligible mass) with two metal disks attached to it. One disk has mass 0.600 kg and is attached to the rod 0.800 m from the
When a steel cable supports a heavy load of weight W, its length increases by an amount ΔL compared with its length without a load. Suppose the cable is cut into three equal pieces, and the three
Martin caught a fish and wanted to know how much it weighed, but he didn’t have a scale. He did, however, have a stopwatch, a spring, and a 4.90 N weight. He attached the weight to the spring and
The maximum height of a cylindrical column is limited by the compressive strength of the material; if the compressive stress at the bottom were to exceed the compressive strength of the material, the
You have a simple pendulum and a mass-spring system in which the mass oscillates vertically. They both oscillate with the same period T. You take them both to the surface of the Moon, where the
Spider silk has a Young’s modulus of 4.0 GPa and can withstand stresses up to 1.4 GPa. A single web strand has a crosssectional area of 1.0 × 10−11 m2, and a web is made up of 50 radial strands.
A spider’s web can undergo SHM when a fly lands on it and displaces the web. For simplicity, assume that a web is described by Hooke’s law (even though really it deforms permanently when
A hedge trimmer has a blade that moves back and forth with a frequency of 28 Hz. The blade motion is converted from the rotation of an electric motor to oscillatory motion by means of a Scotch yoke
A steel rod has length 60 cm and radius 2.2 cm. An aluminum rod has length 30 cm and radius 2.2 cm. The rods are joined end-to-end. When compressive forces of magnitude 5.4 kN are applied to the
Luke is trying to catch a pesky animal that keeps eating vegetables from his garden. He is building a trap and needs to use a spring to close the door to his trap. He has a spring in his garage, and
When is the kinetic energy maximum?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s, 7 s, 8 s (d) 3 s, 4 s, 5 s (e) 0 s,
When does the acceleration have its maximum magnitude?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s, 7 s, 8 s (d) 3 s,
Common sports injuries result in the tearing of tendons and ligaments due to overstretching. If the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in an athlete’s knee has a length of 1.0 cm, a breaking point of
When is the object at the equilibrium point?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s, 7 s, 8 s (d) 3 s, 4 s, 5
When is the potential energy maximum?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s, 7 s, 8 s (d) 3 s, 4 s, 5 s (e) 0
When is the potential energy minimum?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s, 7 s, 8 s (d) 3 s, 4 s, 5 s (e) 0
When is the kinetic energy zero?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s, 7 s, 8 s (d) 3 s, 4 s, 5 s (e) 0 s, 4
A hair breaks under a tension of 1.2 N. What is the diameter of the hair? The tensile strength is 200 MPa.
An acrobat of mass 55 kg is going to hang by her teeth from a steel wire and she does not want the wire to stretch beyond its elastic limit. The elastic limit for the wire is 250 MPa. What is the
A 0.50 m long guitar string, of cross-sectional area 1.0 × 10−6 m2, has Young’s modulus Y = 2.0 GPa. By how much must you stretch the string to obtain a tension of 20 N?
It takes a flea 1.0 × 10−3 s to reach a peak speed of 0.74 m/s. (a) If the mass of the flea is 0.45 × 10−6 kg, what is the average power required? (b) Insect muscle has a maximum
Two wires have the same diameter and length. One is made of copper, the other brass. The wires are connected together end to end. When the free ends are pulled in opposite directions, the two wires
Does it take more force to tear a longer tendon or a shorter tendon? Assume the tendons are identical except for their lengths and are ideal—there are no weak points. Does it take more energy to
Resilin is a rubber-like protein that helps insects to fly more efficiently. The resilin, attached from the wing to the body, is relaxed when the wing is down and is extended when the wing is up. As
Which pair of quantities can be expressed in the same units?(a) Stress and strain(b) Young’s modulus and strain(c) Young’s modulus and stress(d) Ultimate strength and strain
A brittle material is characterized by(a) High breaking strength and low Young’s modulus.(b) Low breaking strength and high Young’s modulus.(c) High breaking strength and high Young’s
An object hanging vertically from a spring and a simple pendulum both have a period of oscillation of 1 s on Earth. An astronaut takes the two devices to another planet where the gravitational field
A stiff material is characterized by(a) High ultimate strength.(b) High breaking strength.(c) High Young’s modulus.(d) High proportional limit.
The acceleration is greatest in magnitude and is directed downward when:An object is suspended vertically from an ideal spring.The spring is initially in its relaxed position. The object is then
Five spheres are falling through the same viscous fluid, not necessarily at their terminal speeds. The radii r and speeds v of the spheres are given. Rank the spheres in order of decreasing viscous
The average adult has about 5 L of blood, and a healthy adult heart pumps blood at a rate of about 80 cm3/s. Estimate how long it takes for medicine delivered intravenously to travel throughout a
A flea is on the back of a squirrel climbing a tall tree. When the squirrel is near the top, the flea jumps off. (a) Assuming the drag force is viscous, estimate the terminal speed of the flea.
If the total volume flow rates in systems A and B are the same, at what pressure does the pump supply water in system A?Four identical sections of pipe are connected in various ways to pumps that
Using Poiseuille’s law [Eq. (9-41)], show that viscosity has SI units of pascal-seconds. π ΔΡ/L 4. 8 η ||
If the total volume flow rate in system B is 0.020 m3/s, what is the total volume flow rate in system C?Four identical sections of pipe are connected in various ways to pumps that supply water at the
A nozzle of inner radius 1.00 mm is connected to a hose of inner radius 8.00 mm. The nozzle shoots out water moving at 25.0 m/s. (a) At what speed is the water in the hose moving? (b) What
You suspend the coin from a spring scale and find that its mass is 49.7 g. You then let the coin hang completely submerged in a glass of water but not touching the bottom and find that the scale
A solid piece of plastic, with a density of 890 kg/m3, is placed in oil with a density of 830 kg/m3 and the plastic sinks (1). Then the plastic is placed in water and it floats (2). (a) What
Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) have a typical mass density of 1200 kg/m3 and a mass of 7.0 kg (including their armor). When faced with a body of water to cross, the armadillo has two
Six wooden blocks (mass m) float in a barrel of water. The blocks are not all made from the same type of wood. The bottom of each block is submerged to a depth d below the water surface. Rank the
(a) When ice floats in water at 0°C, what percent of its volume is submerged? (b) What is the specific gravity of ice?
A Canada goose floats with 25% of its volume below water. What is the average density of the goose?
(a) Which has the larger buoyant force acting on it when immersed in water, 1.0 kg of lead or 1.0 kg of aluminum? Explain. (b) Which has the larger buoyant force acting on it, 1.0 kg of steel
The gauge pressure of the air in an automobile tire is 32 lb/in2. Convert this to (a) Pa,(b) mmHg, (c) atm.
A woman’s systolic blood pressure when resting is 160 mmHg. What is this pressure in (a) Pa, (b) lb/in2, and (c) atm?
When a mercury manometer is connected to a gas main, the mercury stands 40.0 cm higher in the tube that is open to the air than in the tube connected to the gas main. A barometer at the same location
Each of five cylindrical drums with radius R is filled to a height h above the bottom with a liquid of density ρ. Rank the drums in order of the pressure at the bottom of the drum, largest to
A sperm whale can reach depths of 2500 m below the surface of the ocean. What is the pressure on the whale’s skin at that depth, assuming that the density of seawater is constant from the surface
A giraffe’s brain is approximately 3.4 m above its heart. Estimate the minimum gauge pressure that its heart must produce to move the blood to his brain. Ignore any effects from the blood flow
A Venturi meter is used to measure the flow speed of a viscous fluid. With reference to the figure, which is true? (a) h3 = h1(b) h3 > h1 (c) h3 < h1 (d) Insufficient
Bernoulli’s equation applies only to steady flow. Yet Bernoulli’s equation allows the fluid velocity at one point to be different than the velocity at another point. For the fluid velocity to
Two simple pendulums, A and B, have the same length, but the mass of A is twice the mass of B. Their vibrational amplitudes are equal. Their periods are TA and TB, respectively, and their energies
Four brass wires are subjected to the same tensile stress. The wires have unstretched lengths and diameters as follows. Rank the four wires in decreasing order of the amount of stretch. (a)
A force F applied to each end of a steel wire (length L, diameter d) stretches it by 1.0 mm. How much does F stretch another steel wire, of length 2L and diameter 2d?(a) 0.50 mm(b) 1.0 mm(c) 2.0
A beach ball is thrown straight up in the air. The graph shows its vertical velocity component as a function of time. The dashed line is tangent to the curve at the point where vy = 0. (a) What
A section of pipe with an internal diameter of 10.0 cm tapers to an inner diameter of 6.00 cm as it rises through a height of 1.70 m at an angle of 60.0° with respect to the horizontal. The pipe
A man with a mass of 70 kg stands on one foot. His femur has cross-sectional area of 8.0 cm2 and uncompressed length 50 cm. (a) How much shorter is the femur when he stands on one foot? (b)
Suppose the hydrometer has a cylindrical stem of cross-sectional area 0.400 cm2. The total volume of the bulb and stem is 8.80 cm3, and the mass of the hydrometer is 4.80 g. (a) How far from the
The acceleration is zero when:An object is suspended vertically from an ideal spring.The spring is initially in its relaxed position. The object is then released and oscillates about the equilibrium
The speed is greatest when:An object is suspended vertically from an ideal spring.The spring is initially in its relaxed position. The object is then released and oscillates about the equilibrium
A grandfather clock is running too fast. To fix it, should the pendulum be lengthened or shortened? Explain.
The acceleration is greatest in magnitude and is directed upward when:An object is suspended vertically from an ideal spring.The spring is initially in its relaxed position. The object is then
The pressure inside a bottle of champagne is 4.5 atm higher than the air pressure outside. The neck of the bottle has an inner radius of 1.0 cm. (a) What is the frictional force on the cork due
Water enters an apartment building 0.90 m below the street level with a gauge pressure of 52.0 kPa through the main pipe, which has a 5.00 cm radius. A second-story bathroom has an open faucet with a
Are evenly spaced specific-gravity markings on the cylinder of a hydrometer equal distances apart? In other words, is the depth d to which the cylinder is submerged linearly related to the density ρ
Near sea level, how high a hill must you ascend for the reading of a barometer you are carrying to drop by 10 mmHg? Assume the temperature remains at 20°C as you climb. The reading of a barometer on
An atomizer is a device that delivers a fine mist of some liquid such as perfume by blowing air horizontally over the top of a tube immersed in the liquid. Suppose a perfume with density 800
A 85.0 kg canoe made of thin aluminum has the shape of half of a hollowed-out log with a radius of 0.475 m and a length of 3.23 m. (a) When this is placed in the water, what percentage of the
A capillary carries blood in the direction shown. Viscosity is not negligible. Points C and D are on the central axis of the capillary. Rank the points in order of decreasing fluid speed.
A block of aluminum that has dimensions 2.00 cm by 3.00 cm by 5.00 cm is suspended by a thread from a spring scale. (a) What is the scale reading in grams? (b) A beaker full of oil (density
Blood plasma (at 37°C) is to be supplied to a patient at the rate of 2.8 × 10−6 m3/s. If the tube connecting the plasma to the patient’s vein has a radius of 2.0 mm and a length of 50 cm, what
(a) Since the flow rate is proportional to the pressure difference, show that Poiseuille’s law can be written in the form ΔP = IR, where I is the volume flow rate and R is a constant of
(a) What is the pressure difference required to make blood flow through an artery of inner radius 2.0 mm and length 0.20 m at an average speed of 6.0 cm/s? (b) What is the pressure difference
If the average volume flow of blood through the aorta is 8.5 × 10−5 m3/s and the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 3.0 × 10−4 m2, what is the average speed of blood in the aorta?
A garden hose of inner radius 1.0 cm carries water at 2.0 m/s. The nozzle at the end has inner radius 0.20 cm. How fast does the water move through the nozzle?
On a kitchen scale you measure the coin’s mass to be 49.7 g. You measure the mass of a small bowl of water as 314.8 g. You tie a slender thread around the coin and suspend it completely submerged
Each of six barrels is filled to a height h above the bottom with a liquid of density ρ. Each barrel has a hole of radius r in its side. The center of each hole is 20 cm above the barrel bottom. A
A manometer contains two different fluids of different densities. Both sides are open to the atmosphere. Which pair(s) of points in the figure have equal pressure? (a) P1 = P5 (b) P2 = P5 (c) P3 =
What is the gauge pressure of the gas in the closed tube in the figure? (Take the atmospheric pressure to be 760 mmHg.)(a) 200 mmHg (b) −200 mmHg (c) 960 mmHg (d) 560 mmHg (e)
When helium weather balloons are released, they are purposely underinflated. Why?
In a hydraulic lift, the radii of the pistons are 2.50 cm and 10.0 cm. A car weighing W = 10.0 kN is to be lifted by the force of the large piston.(a) What force Fa must be applied to the small
The continuity equation is an expression of (a) Conservation of mass. (b) Conservation of energy. (c) Conservation of momentum. (d) Conservation of angular momentum.
A glass of ice water is filled to the brim with water; the ice cubes stick up above the water surface. After the ice melts, which is true? (a) The water level is below the top of the
Tarzan wants to swing on a vine across a river. He is standing on a ledge above the water’s edge, and the river is 5.00 m wide. The vine is attached to a tree branch that is 8.00 m directly above
It is commonly said that wood floats because it is “lighter than water” or that a stone sinks because it is “heavier than water.” Are these accurate statements? If not, correct them.
For which is the product vx Δt larger?In Fig. 4.30, two projectiles launched with the same initial speed but at different launch angles 30° and 60° land at the same spot. Ignore air resistance.
Which has a longer time of flight Δt (time interval between launch and hitting the ground)?In Fig. 4.30, two projectiles launched with the same initial speed but at different launch angles 30° and
Atmospheric pressure is about 1.0 × 105 Pa on average. (a) What is the downward force of the air on a desktop with surface area 1.0 m2? (b) Convert this force to pounds to help others
Bernoulli’s equation is an expression of (a) Conservation of mass. (b) Conservation of energy. (c) Conservation of momentum. (d) Conservation of angular momentum.
Which has the larger horizontal velocity component vx?In Fig. 4.30, two projectiles launched with the same initial speed but at different launch angles 30° and 60° land at the same spot. Ignore air
A dam holding back the water in a reservoir exerts a horizontal force on the water. The magnitude of this force depends on (a) The maximum depth of the reservoir. (b) The depth of the water
Bernoulli’s equation applies to(a) Any fluid. (b) An incompressible fluid, whether viscous or not. (c) An incompressible, nonviscous fluid, whether the flow is turbulent or not. (d)

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