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college physics with an integrated approach

Questions and Answers of College Physics With An Integrated Approach

The PV diagram illustrates several paths to get from an initial to a final state. For which path does the system do the most work?(a) Path igf(b) Path if(c) Path ihfAll paths represent equal work.
Verify the units in Eq. (15-5)—that is, show that the SI unit of pressure times volume is equal to the SI unit of work. W = -PAV
A whimsical statement of the laws of thermodynamics—probably not one favored by gamblers—goes like this:I. You can never win; you can only lose or break even.II. You can only break even at
If two different systems are put in thermal contact so that heat can flow from one to the other, then heat will flow until the systems have the same(a) Energy.(b) Heat capacity.(c) Entropy.(d)
Which choice correctly identifies the three processes shown in the diagrams?(a) I = isobaric; II = isochoric; III = adiabatic(b) I = isothermal; II = isothermal; III = isobaric(c) I = isochoric; II =
When the first law of thermodynamics (ΔU = Q + W) is applied to a system S, the variables Q and W stand for(a) The heat flow out of S and the work done on S.(b) The heat flow out of S and the work
A contractor uses a paddle stirrer to mix a can of paint. The paddle turns at 28.0 rad/s and exerts a torque of 16.0 N·m on the paint, doing work on the paint at a rate power = τω = 16.0
The figure shows PV diagrams for five systems as they undergo various thermodynamic processes. Rank them in order of the work done on the system, from greatest to least. Rank positive work higher
As a system undergoes a constant-volume process(a) The pressure does not change.(b) The internal energy does not change.(c) The work done on the system is zero.(d) The entropy stays the same.(e) The
As an ideal gas is adiabatically expanding,(a) The temperature of the gas does not change.(b) The internal energy of the gas does not change.(c) Work is not done on or by the gas.(d) No heat is given
The three processes shown with Multiple Choice Question 8 involve a diatomic ideal gas. Rank them in order of the change in internal energy, from greatest to smallest. T T2 T T2 PA T
An ideal gas is confined to the left chamber of an insulated container.The right chamber is evacuated. A valve is opened between the chambers, allowing gas to flow into the right chamber. After
An ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle in the PV diagram.(a) If there are 0.0200 mol of this gas, what are the temperature and pressure at point C? (b) What is the change in internal
As an ideal gas is compressed at constant temperature, (a) Heat flows out of the gas.(b) The internal energy of the gas does not change.(c) The work done on the gas is zero.(d) None of the above
As moisture from the air condenses on the outside of a cold glass of water, the entropy of the condensing moisture (a) Stays the same.(b) Increases.(c) Decreases.(d) Not enough information is
Given 1 mole of an ideal gas, in a state characterized by PA, VA, a change occurs so that the final pressure and volume are equal to PB, VB, where VB > VA. Which of these is true?(a) The heat
On a summer day, you keep the air conditioner in your room running. From the list numbered 1 to 4, choose the hot reservoir and the cold reservoir.1. The air outside2. The compartment inside the air
In Fig. 17.13, why is the person touching the dome of the van de Graaff generator not electrocuted even though there may be a potential difference of hundreds of thousands of volts between him and
Using the results of Problem 75, we can find the electric field at any radius for any spherically symmetrical charge distribution. A solid sphere of charge of radius R has a total charge of q
Rank points A–E in order of the potential, from highest to lowest. B A C D E
Charges of +2.0 nC and −1.0 nC are located at opposite corners, A and C, respectively, of a square which is 1.0 m on a side. What is the electric potential at a third corner, B, of the square
The electric field just above Earth's surface on a clear day in an open field is about 150 V/m downward. Which is at a higher potential: Earth or the upper atmosphere?
The particle moves along a straight line from a to b.A uniform electric field has magnitude 240 N/C and is directed to the right. A particle with charge + 4.2nC moves in this field. For the given
The electric potential at a distance of 20.0 cm from a point charge is +1.0 kV (assuming V = 0 at infinity). (a) Is the point charge positive or negative? (b) At what distance is the
The particle moves along a straight line from b to a.A uniform electric field has magnitude 240 N/C and is directed to the right. A particle with charge +4.2 nC moves in this field. For the given
The particle moves along the path shown from b to a.A uniform electric field has magnitude 240 N/C and is directed to the right. A particle with charge +4.2 nC moves in this field. For the given
In each of six situations, a particle (mass m, charge q) moves from a point where the potential is Vi to a point where the potential is Vf. Apart from the electric force, no forces act on the
A 35.0 nC charge is placed at the origin and a 55.0 nC charge is placed on the +x-axis, 2.20 cm from the origin. (a) What is the electric potential at a point halfway between these two
An electron is suspended in a vacuum between two oppositely charged horizontal parallel plates. The separation between the plates is 3.00 mm. (a) What are the signs of the charge on the upper
Two cows, with approximately 1.8 m between their front and hind legs, are standing under a tree during a thunderstorm. See the diagram with Conceptual Question 16.(a) If the equipotential surfaces
The two strands of the DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between base pairs (Sec. 16.1). When an enzyme unzips the molecule to separate the two strands, it has to break these hydrogen
An electron (charge −e) is projected horizontally into the space between two oppositely charged parallel plates. The electric field between the plates is 500.0 N/C upward. If the vertical
A shark is able to detect the presence of electric fields as small as 1.0 μV/m. To get an idea of the magnitude of this field, suppose you have a parallel plate capacitor connected to a 1.5 V
A charge Q = −50.0 nC is located 0.30 m from point A and 0.50 m from point B. (a) What is the potential at A? (b) What is the potential at B? (c) If a point charge q is moved from A
Two point charges (+10.0 nC and −10.0 nC) are located 8.00 cm apart. (a) What is the change in electric potential energy when a third point charge of −4.2 nC is moved from point c to point
(a) Calculate the capacitance per unit length of an axon of radius 5.0 μm (see Fig. 17.14). The membrane acts as an insulator between the conducting fluids inside and outside the neuron. The
Find the potential at the sodium ion, Na+, which is surrounded by two chloride ions, Cl−, and a calcium ion, Ca2+, in water as shown in the diagram. The effective charge of the positive sodium ion
A beam of electrons of mass me is deflected vertically by the uniform electric field between two oppositely charged, parallel metal plates. The plates are a distance d apart, and the potential
It has only been fairly recently that 1.0 F capacitors have been readily available. A typical 1.0 F capacitor can withstand up to 5.00 V. To get an idea why it isn't easy to make a 1.0 F
Charges of −12.0 nC and −22.0 nC are separated by 0.700 m. What is the potential midway between the two charges?
A cell membrane has a surface area of 1.1×10−7 m2, a dielectric constant of 5.2, and a thickness of 7.2 nm. The potential difference across the membrane is 70 mV. (a) What is the magnitude of
If an electron moves from one point at a potential of −100.0 V to another point at a potential of +100.0 V, how much work is done by the electric field?
(a) Show that it was valid to ignore the gravitational force in Problem 110. (b) What are the components of velocity of the particle when it emerges from the plates?Data From Problem 110A
Three point charges are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle having sides of 0.150 m. (a) What is the total electric force on the 2.50 μC charge? (b) What is the electric
A parallel plate capacitor has a charge of 0.020 μC on each plate with a potential difference of 240 V. The parallel plates are separated by 0.40 mm of air. (a) What is the capacitance for this
Hydrogen bonding is responsible for many of the unusual properties of water (see Sec. 16.1). A simplified model represents a hydrogen bond as the electrostatic interaction of four point charges
In the movie The Matrix, humans are used to generate electricity. Estimate the total amount of stored electrical energy in the brain's 1011 nerve cells. Assume that the average nerve cell has a
An alpha particle (helium nucleus, charge +2e) starts from rest and travels a distance of 1.0 cm under the influence of a uniform electric field of magnitude 10.0 kV/m. What is the final kinetic
A proton (mass 1.67 × 10−27 kg, charge +e) is fired directly at a lithium nucleus (mass 1.16 × 10−26 kg, charge +3e). If the proton's velocity is 5.24 × 105 m/s when it is far from the
(a) If the bottom of a thundercloud has a potential of −1.00 × 109 V with respect to Earth and a charge of −20.0 C is discharged from the cloud to Earth during a lightning strike, how much
A capacitor and a resistor are connected through a switch to an emf. At the instant just after the switch is closed, (a) The current in the circuit is zero.(b) The voltage across the capacitor
In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, an electron moves in a circular orbit around a stationary proton. In its lowest-energy state (the ground state), the orbital radius is 0.0529 nm. (a) What
What is the tension in the string when the ball hangs straight down at rest?A ball with a net charge of +450 nC and mass 0.75 g is suspended from a thread of length 12 cm in a uniform electric field
The ball is released from rest when the thread makes an angle of 32° with the vertical. How fast is it moving when the thread is vertical?A ball with a net charge of +450 nC and mass 0.75 g is
Which is a unit of energy? (a) A².2 (b) V.A ( C) Ωm (d) N.m V (e) C (f) V.C
What is the period of oscillation for small amplitudes?A ball with a net charge of +450 nC and mass 0.75 g is suspended from a thread of length 12 cm in a uniform electric field of 8.0 kV/m downward.
Is the electric field inside a conductor always zero? If not, when is it not zero? Explain.
Draw a circuit diagram for automobile headlights, connecting two separate bulbs and a switch to a single battery so that: (1) One switch turns both bulbs on and off and (2) One bulb still
Which depicts an ohmic circuit element?Each of the graphs shows a relation between the potential drop across (V) and the current through (I) a circuit element. V. V4 (a) (b) (c) (d)
Which depicts a circuit element whose resistance increases with increasing current? Each of the graphs shows a relation between the potential drop across (V) and the current through (I) a
How does the resistance of a piece of conducting wire change if both its length and diameter are doubled?(a) Remains the same(b) 2 times as much(c) 4 times as much(d) 1/2 as much(e) 1/4 as much
Consider these four statements. Choose true or false for each one in turn and then find the answer that matches your choices for all four together.1. An ammeter should draw very little current
A 12 V battery with internal resistance 0.5 Ω has initially no load connected across its terminals. Then the switches S1 and S2 are closed successively. The voltmeter (assumed ideal) has which
Jeff needs a 100 Ω resistor for a circuit, but he only has a box of 300 Ω resistors. What can he do?
A friend says that electric current “follows the path of least resistance.” Is that true? Explain.
The electrical properties of copper and rubber are different because(a) The positive charges are free to move in copper and stationary in rubber.(b) Many electrons are free to move in copper but
Suppose a battery is connected to a network of resistors and capacitors. What happens to the energy supplied by the battery?
(a) If the resistance R1 decreases, what happens to the voltage drop across R3? The switch S is still open, as in the figure. (b) If the resistance R1 decreases, what happens to the voltage drop
A solar cell provides an emf of 0.45 V. (a) If the cell supplies a constant current of 18.0 mA for 9.0 h, how much electric energy does it supply? (b) What is the power—the rate at which
An electric device has the current-voltage (I-V) graph shown. What is its resistance at (a) Point 1 and(b) Point 2? 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 V (volts) 2. (sdum) /
A gold wire of 0.50 mm diameter has 5.90 × 1028 conduction electrons per cubic meter. If the drift speed is 6.5 μm/s, what is the current in the wire?
Six wires are characterized by their dimensions and by the metal they are made from. Assume the tungsten alloy has exactly twice the resistivity of aluminum. Rank the wires in order of decreasing
Several possibilities are listed for what might or might not happen if the insulation in the current-carrying wires of the figure breaks down and point b makes electrical contact with point c.
A 24 V emf is connected to terminals A and B in the following circuit. Find the current in each of the resistors. 1.0Ω 8.0 Ω A W 12.0 2 16.0 2 3.0 Ω B WM
A wire with cross-sectional area A carries a current I. Assuming the wire is ohmic, show that the electric field strength E in the wire is proportional to the current per unit area (I/A) and identify
(a) Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B for the combination of resistors shown. (b) An 18 V emf is connected to the terminals A and B. What is the current through the 1.0 Ω
(a) Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B for the combination of resistors shown. (b) What is the potential difference across each of the 4.0 Ω resistors? (c) What is the
A copper wire is connected to an ideal battery at room temperature. The current increases by a factor of 78 when the wire is immersed in liquid nitrogen (temperature 77 K). Ignoring changes in the
(a) What is the equivalent resistance between points A and B? Each resistor has the same resistance R. (b) What is the equivalent resistance between points B and C? (c) If a 32 V emf is
(a) Find the value of a single capacitor to replace the three capacitors in the diagram. (b) What is the potential difference across the 12 μF capacitor at the left side of the
Consider the circuit in the diagram. Given: I1 = 2.50 A, Find the values of I2, I3, and R3. 81= 30.0 V
At what rate is energy dissipated in the 4.00 Ω and 5.00 Ω resistors in the circuit shown? A 9.00 V 4.00 2 5.00 2 E F 0.576 A 8.00N
In the circuit shown, R1 = 15.0 Ω, R2 = R4 = 40.0 Ω, R3 = 20.0 Ω, and R5 = 10.0 Ω. (a) What is the equivalent resistance of this circuit? (b) What current flows through resistor
What is the resistance of a 40.0 W, 120 V incandescent lightbulb?
A battery has a 6.00 V emf and an internal resistance of 0.600 Ω. (a) What is the voltage across its terminals when the current drawn from the battery is 1.20 A? (b) What is the power
A source of emf has internal resistance r. (a) What is the terminal voltage when the source supplies a current I? (b) The net power supplied is the terminal voltage times the current.
During a “brownout,” which occurs when the power companies cannot keep up with high demand, the voltage of the household circuits drops below its normal 120 V. (a) If the voltage drops to
In the circuit of Problem 88, at what time after switch S is closed is the voltage across the combination of three capacitors 50% of its final value?Data From Problem 88Consider the circuit shown
In a defibrillator (see Example 17.12), a charged capacitor is connected to paddles that make electrical contact with the patient's skin. If gel is applied to the patient's chest to make a good
An ammeter with a full-scale deflection for I = 10.0 A has an internal resistance of 24 Ω. We need to use this ammeter to measure currents up to 12.0 A. The lab instructor advises that we get a
In the circuit, the capacitor is initially uncharged. At t = 0, switch S is closed. Find the currents I1 and I2 and voltages V1 and V2 (assuming V3 = 0) at points 1 and 2 at (a) t = 0 (i.e.,
Consider the circuit in the diagram. After the switch S has been closed for a long time, what are the current through the 12 Ω resistor and the voltage across the capacitor? 120 15 2 12 V
A 20 μF capacitor is discharged through a 5.0 kΩ resistor. The initial charge on the capacitor is 200 μC. (a) Sketch a graph of the current through the resistor as a function of time. Label
Copper and aluminum are being considered for the cables in a highvoltage transmission line where each must carry a current of 50 A. The resistance of each cable is to be 0.15 Ω per
A parallel plate capacitor used in a flash for a camera must be able to store 32 J of energy when connected to 300 V. (Most electronic flashes actually use a 1.5 to 6.0 V battery, but increase the
(a) Given two identical, ideal batteries and two identical incandescent lightbulbs (resistance = R assumed constant), design a circuit to make both bulbs glow as brightly as possible. (b) What
A person in bare feet is standing under a tree during a thunderstorm, seeking shelter from the rain. A lightning strike hits the tree. A burst of current lasting 40 μs passes through the ground;
We can model some of the electrical properties of an unmyelinated axon as an electric cable covered with defective insulation so that current leaks out of the axon to the surrounding fluid. We assume
About 5.0 × 104 m above Earth's surface, the atmosphere is sufficiently ionized that it behaves as a conductor. Earth and the ionosphere form a giant spherical capacitor, with the lower atmosphere
In the diagram, the positive terminal of the 12 V battery is grounded —it is at zero potential. At what potential is point X? 十 12 V 4 V Ground

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