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college physics with an integrated approach

Questions and Answers of College Physics With An Integrated Approach

The length of a pipe closed at one end is L. In the standing wave whose frequency is 7 times the fundamental frequency, what is the distance between adjacent nodes? (a) L (b) L (c) L (d) L (e) L (f)
A sound wave with an intensity level of 80.0 dB is incident on an eardrum of area 0.600 × 10−4 m2. How much energy is incident on the eardrum in 3.00 min?
If the pressure amplitude of a sound wave is doubled, what happens to the displacement amplitude, the intensity, and the intensity level?
A source of sound with frequency 620 Hz is placed on a moving platform that approaches a physics student at speed v; the student hears sound with a frequency f1. Then the source of sound is held
The speed of sound in water is _____ than the speed of sound in air because _____. (a) Faster; water is much harder to compress (b) Faster; water is much more dense (c) Slower; water
The speed of sound in water is 4 times the speed of sound in air. A whistle on land produces a sound wave with a frequency f. When this sound wave enters the water, its frequency becomes (a) 4f. (b)
The three lowest resonant frequencies of a system are 50 Hz, 150 Hz, and 250 Hz. The system could be(a) A tube of air closed at both ends. (b) A tube of air open at one end. (c) A tube of
The intensity of a sound wave is directly proportional to(a) The frequency. (b) The amplitude. (c) The square of the amplitude. (d) The square of the speed of sound. (e) None of
The fundamental frequency of a pipe closed at one end is f1. How many nodes are present in a standing wave of frequency 9f1?(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8 (e) 9 (f) 10
A trombone and a bassoon play notes of equal loudness with the same fundamental frequency. The two sounds differ primarily in (a) Pitch. (b) Intensity level. (c) Amplitude. (d)
An organ pipe is closed at one end. Several standing wave patterns are sketched in the drawing. Which one is not a possible standing wave pattern for this pipe? (a) (b) (d) 188
A van and a small car are traveling in the same direction on a twolane road. After the van passes the car, the driver of the car sounds his horn, frequency = 440 Hz, to signal the van that it is safe
Refer to the pulse in Problem 9. Data from in Problem 9.(a) What is the speed of propagation of the pulse? (b) At what average speed does the point at x = 2.0 m move during this time
What are the wavelengths of sound waves at the lower and upper limits of human hearing (10 Hz and 20 kHz, respectively)?
Consider the following equations for traveling waves on two different strings:(a) Which wave has the faster wave speed? What is that speed? (b) Which wave has the longer wavelength? What is that
Of the standing wave patterns sketched in the drawing, which shows the lowest frequency standing wave for an organ pipe closed at one end?
A tetherball set has a ball with mass 0.411 kg and a nylon string with diameter 2.50 mm, Young's modulus 4.00 GPa, and density 1150 kg/m3. The nylon string has a length of 2.200 m when the ball is at
Suppose that a string of length L and mass m is under tension F. (a) Show that has units of speed. (b) Show that there is no other combination of L, m, and F with units of speed.
A harpsichord string is made of yellow brass (Young's modulus 90 GPa, tensile strength 0.63 GPa, mass density 8500 kg/m3). When tuned correctly, the tension in the string is 59.4 N, which is 93% of
A transverse wave on a string has amplitude 4.0 mm, angular frequency 600 rad/s, and wavenumber 6.0 rad/m. (a) What is the maximum transverse speed of a point on the string? (b) What is the
A sound wave of frequency 1231 Hz travels through air directly toward a wall, then through the wall out into air again. If the initial speed of the sound wave is 341 m/s and its speed in the wall is
A Foucault pendulum has an object with a mass of 15.0 kg hung by a thin 14.0 m wire. (a) What is the oscillation frequency of this pendulum? (b) If the pendulum has a maximum oscillation
The lowest frequency string on a guitar is 65.5 cm long and is tuned to 82 Hz. (a) If the string has a mass of 3.31 g, what is the tension in the string? (b) By fingering the guitar at the
The drawing shows a snapshot of a transverse wave moving to the left on a string. The wave speed is 10.0 m/s. At the instant the snapshot is taken, (a) In what direction is point A
Two speakers spaced a distance 1.5 m apart emit coherent sound waves at a frequency of 680 Hz in all directions. The waves start out in phase with each other. A listener walks in a circle of radius
In a lab experiment, a string has a mass per unit length of 0.120 g/m. It is attached to a vibrating device and weight similar to that shown in Figure 11.23. The vibrator oscillates at a constant
When a standing wave is produced in a string fixed at both ends, the string oscillates so fast that it looks like a blur. You want to photograph the string when it is at positions A, B, and C shown
A stretched string has a fundamental frequency of 847 Hz. What is the fundamental frequency if the tension is increased by a factor of 3.0?
(a) Write an equation for a surface seismic wave moving in the −x direction with amplitude 2.0 cm, period 4.0 s, and wavelength 4.0 km. Assume the wave is harmonic, x is measured in meters, and t
A harpsichord string of length 1.50 m and linear mass density 25.0 mg/m vibrates at a fundamental frequency of 450.0 Hz. (a) What is the speed of the transverse string waves? (b) What is
When the string of a guitar is pressed against any fret, the shortened string vibrates at a fundamental frequency 5.95% higher than when the previous fret is pressed. If the whole length of the
A cord of length 1.5 m is fixed at both ends. Its mass per unit length is 1.2 g/m and the tension is 12 N. (a) What is the frequency of the fundamental oscillation? (b) What tension is
A string 2.0 m long is held fixed at both ends. If a sharp blow is applied to the string at its center, it takes 0.050 s for the pulses to travel to the ends of the string and return to the middle.
A standing wave has wavenumber 200 rad/m. What is the distance between two adjacent nodes?
Five stretched strings have the following properties. Rank the strings according to their fundamental frequencies (for transverse standing waves), from greatest to least. (a) length L, total mass m,
Sketch the shape of the string at t = 1.6 s.The pulse of Problem 9 travels to the right on a string whose ends at x = 0 and x = 4.0 m are both fixed in place. Imagine a reflected pulse that begins to
A sound wave with a frequency of 400.0 Hz is incident upon a set of stairs. The reflected waves from the vertical surfaces of adjacent steps interfere destructively. What is the minimum tread depth
Sketch the shape of the string at t = 2.2 s.The pulse of Problem 9 travels to the right on a string whose ends at x = 0 and x = 4.0 m are both fixed in place. Imagine a reflected pulse that begins to
At t = 0, the wave pulses shown are moving toward each other on a string. The wave speed is 20 m/s. Use the principle of superposition to sketch the shape of the string at t = 2.0 ms. y
A guitar string has a fundamental frequency f. The player presses on a fret, reducing the vibrating part of the string to 5/6 of its original length. Ignoring the very small change in tension, by
When is the first time for t > 0 that the string looks exactly as it does at t = 0?The pulse of Problem 9 travels to the right on a string whose ends at x = 0 and x = 4.0 m are both fixed in
A guitar string has a fundamental frequency f. The tension in the string is increased by 1.0%. Ignoring the very small stretch of the string, how does the fundamental frequency change?
When does the string first look completely flat for t > 0?The pulse of Problem 9 travels to the right on a string whose ends at x = 0 and x = 4.0 m are both fixed in place. Imagine a reflected
Rank the waves in order of frequency, largest to smallest.The graphs show displacement y as a function of time t for five transverse waves at a fixed location x. The displacement and time axes use
Rank the waves in order of maximum transverse speed, largest to smallest.The graphs show displacement y as a function of time t for five transverse waves at a fixed location x. The displacement and
Light of wavelength 0.500 µm (in air) enters the water in a swimming pool. The speed of light in water is 0.750 times the speed in air. What is the wavelength of the light in water?
A traveling sine wave is the result of the superposition of two sine waves with equal amplitudes, wavelengths, and frequencies: y1 = A sin (ωt + kx) and y2 = A sin (ωt + kx −ϕ). The two
The speed of ultrasound in fat is 1450 m/s, and in muscle it is 1585 m/s. By what percentages do the frequency and wavelength of ultrasound change when passing from fat into muscle?
Sketch a graph of y versus x for the functionfor the times t = 0 and 0.96 s. Make the graphs on the same axes, using a solid line for the first and a dashed line for the second. Use the values k =
Rank the waves in order of amplitude, largest to smallest.The graphs show displacement y as a function of time t for five transverse waves at a fixed location x. The displacement and time axes use
Two sine waves are described by y1 = A sin (ωt + kx) and y2 = A sin (ωt + kx + π/3). Plot graphs of y1 versus t and y2 versus t on the same axes for the point x = 0. Plot y versus t for the
What is the wavelength of the microwaves transmitted by a cell phone at 900 MHz? (Microwaves travel at 3.0 × 108 m/s.)
A uniform string of length 10.0 m and weight 0.25 N is attached to the ceiling. A weight of 1.00 kN hangs from its lower end. The lower end of the string is suddenly displaced horizontally. How long
A violin string of length L is fixed at both ends. Which one of these is not a wavelength of a standing wave on the string? (a) L (b) 2L (c) L/2 (d) L/3 (e) 2L/3 (f) 3L/2
The intensity of an isotropic sound wave is (a) Directly proportional to the distance from the source. (b) Inversely proportional to the distance from the source. (c) Directly
At what rate does the jet airplane in Problem 4 radiate energy in the form of sound waves?Data from in Problem 4The intensity of the sound wave from a jet airplane as it is taking off is 100 W/m2 at
In a standing wave, what is the distance between two neighboring nodes?(a) λ (b) 2λ (c) λ/2 (d) λ/4 (e) 4λ
The intensity of the sound wave from a jet airplane as it is taking off is 100 W/m2 at a distance of 5.0 m. What is the intensity of the sound wave that reaches the ears of a person standing at a
The motion of a simple pendulum is approximately SHM only if the amplitude is small. Consider a simple pendulum that is released from a horizontal position (θi = 90° in Fig. 10.23).(a) Using
Under favorable conditions, the human eye can detect light waves with intensities as low as 2.5 × 10−12 W/m2. (a) At this intensity, what is the average power incident on a pupil of diameter
The gravitational potential energy of a pendulum is U = mgy. (a) Taking y = 0 at the lowest point, show that y = L(1 − cos θ), where θ is the angle the string makes with the
A transverse wave travels on a string of mass m, length L, and tension F. Which statement is correct? (a) The energy of the wave is proportional to the square root of the wave
A spherical balloon with a radius of 12.0 cm is filled with helium. The bottom of the balloon is attached to a 2.30 m length of ribbon that is anchored to the ground. The balloon alone has a mass of
A horizontal spring with spring constant of 9.82 N/m is attached to a block with a mass of 1.24 kg that sits on a frictionless surface. When the block is 0.345 m from its equilibrium position, it has
A 5.0 kg block of wood is attached to a spring with a spring constant of 150 N/m. The block is free to slide on a horizontal frictionless surface once the spring is stretched and released. A 1.0 kg
To escape a burning building, Arnold has to jump from a thirdstory window that is about 10 m above the ground. Arnold is worried about breaking his leg. The largest bone in Arnold’s leg is the
A mass-and-spring system oscillates with amplitude A and angular frequency ω. (a) What is the average speed during one complete cycle of oscillation? (b) What is the maximum
The graph with Problem 23 shows speedometer readings as a car skids to a stop on a straight roadway. What is the magnitude of the acceleration at t = 7.0 s? Sketch a graph of ax(t). What is the
A mass-spring system (mass m, spring constant k) oscillates with amplitude A. Show, using dimensional analysis alone, that the frequency f is independent of the amplitude A and is proportional to
Sketch the acceleration of the elevator in Problem 28 as a function of time. If the elevator is supported by a single cable, what are the maximum and minimum tensions in the cable, expressed in terms
A 4.0 N object is attached to the bottom of an ideal spring of spring constant 250 N/m. The spring is initially in its relaxed position. Write an equation to describe the motion of the object if it
Five ideal mass-spring systems are described in Problem 36. Rank them in decreasing order of their total energy.Data from in Problem 36Five ideal mass-spring systems are described by their masses,
In Problem 6, what is the pile driver’s speed just before it strikes the pile?Data from In Problem 6, A 402 kg pile driver is raised 12 m above ground. (a) How much work must be done to raise
In Problem 15, if the slope is not frictionless so that the skier has a final velocity of 10.0 m/s, calculate the work done by gravity, the work done by the normal force, the work done by friction,
Use the expression in Problem 54 to find (a) The maximum range of a projectile with launch speed vi and (b) The launch angle θ at which the maximum range occurs.Data from in Problem
A 0.185 kg spherical steel ball is used in a pinball machine. The ramp is 1.35 m long and tilted at an angle of 5.00°. Just after a flipper hits the ball at the bottom of the ramp, the ball has an
A planet moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit (see Fig. 8.40). (a) Show that the external torque acting on the planet about an axis through the Sun is zero. (b) Since the torque is
Which answer specifies times when the net force is in the + x-direction?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s,
Which answer specifies times when the object is on the −x-side of the equilibrium point (x < 0)?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s,
The leg bone (femur) breaks under a compressive force of about 5 × 104 N for a human and 10 × 104 N for a horse. The human femur has a compressive strength of 160 MPa, whereas the horse femur has a
Consider the tibia (shinbone) for a person of weight 750 N standing on the ball of one foot as in the following figure. The ankle joint pushes upward on the bottom of the tibia with a force of 2800
An object connected to an ideal spring is oscillating without friction on a horizontal surface. Sketch graphs of the kinetic energy, potential energy, and total energy as functions of time for one
Which answer specifies times when the object is moving away from the equilibrium point?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7
Which answer specifies times when the potential energy is decreasing?See the graph of vx(t) for an object in SHM. Answer choices for each question: (a) 1 s, 2 s, 3s (b) 5 s, 6 s, 7 s (c) 0 s, 1 s, 7
The maximum strain of a steel wire with Young’s modulus 200 GPa, just before breaking, is 0.20%. What is the stress at its breaking point, assuming that strain is proportional to stress up to the
A marble column with a cross-sectional area of 25 cm2 supports a load of 7.0 × 104 N. The marble has a Young’s modulus of 60 GPa and a compressive strength of 200 MPa. (a) What is the
A copper wire of length 3.0 m is observed to stretch by 2.1 mm when a weight of 120 N is hung from one end. (a) What is the diameter of the wire and what is the tensile stress in the
Two steel plates are fastened together using four bolts. The bolts each have a shear modulus of 80 GPa and a shear strength of 600 MPa. The radius of each bolt is 1.0 cm. Normally, the bolts clamp
Some claim that mountain climbers suffer from headaches due not only to a lack of oxygen in the brain, but also to the expansion of the brain in the cranium. Find the fractional change of the
An anchor, made of cast iron of bulk modulus 60.0 GPa and of volume 0.230 m3, is lowered over the side of the ship to the bottom of the harbor where the pressure is greater than sea level pressure by
Each prong of a vibrating tuning fork moves back and forth quite precisely in simple harmonic motion. The distance the prong moves between its extreme positions is 2.24 mm. If the frequency of the
The period of oscillation of an object in an ideal spring-and-mass system is 0.50 s and the amplitude is 5.0 cm. What is the speed at the equilibrium point?
Five ideal mass-spring systems are described by their masses, spring constants, and amplitudes of oscillation as follows. Rank them in decreasing order of the frequency of oscillations.(a) Mass m,
The frequency of vibration of a lithotriptor, an ultrasound generator used to destroy kidney stones, is 1.0 MHz. (a) What is the period of vibration? (b) What is the angular frequency?
The human eardrum responds to sound by vibrating. If the eardrum moves in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 kHz and an amplitude of 0.10 nm (roughly the diameter of a single hydrogen
An object oscillates up and down between y = +A and y = −A at the end of a stretched spring. (a) At what point(s) is the kinetic energy maximum? (Give the value(s) of y.) (b) At what
The diaphragm of a speaker has a mass of 50.0 g and responds to a signal of frequency 2.0 kHz by moving back and forth with an amplitude of 1.8 × 10−4 m at that frequency. (a) What is the
A small rowboat has a mass of 47 kg. When a 92 kg person gets into the boat, the boat floats 8.0 cm lower in the water. If the boat is then pushed slightly deeper in the water, it will bob up and
(a) Sketch a graph of x(t) = A sin ωt (the position of an object in SHM that is at the equilibrium point at t = 0). (b) By analyzing the slope of the graph of x(t), sketch a graph of
A baby jumper consists of a cloth seat suspended by an elastic cord from the lintel of an open doorway. The unstretched length of the cord is 1.2 m, and the cord stretches by 0.20 m when a baby of

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