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social science
introduction to logic
Questions and Answers of
Introduction To Logic
Symbolize the following, using capital letters to abbreviate the simple statements involved.If Argentina mobilizes, then either Brazil will protest to the UN or Chile will call for a meeting of all
Use truth tables to decide which of the following biconditionals are tautologies.p = [p ⋅ (p ⊃ q)]
If A , B , and C are true statements and X , Y , and Z are false statements, which of the following are true?~ B ꓦ X
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of the following arguments:If terrorists’ demands are met, then lawlessness will be rewarded. If terrorists’ demands are not met, then
Symbolize the following, using capital letters to abbreviate the simple statements involved.If Argentina mobilizes, then if Brazil protests to the UN, then Chile will call for a meeting of all the
Use truth tables to decide which of the following biconditionals are tautologies.p = [p ꓦ (p · q)]
If A , B , and C are true statements and X , Y , and Z are false statements, which of the following are true?~ A ꓦ B
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of the following arguments:If equality of opportunity is to be achieved, then those people previously disadvantaged should now be given
Use truth tables to decide which of the following biconditionals are tautologies.p = [p ⋅ (p ꓦ q)]
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~ [(~ London is the capital of England ⋅ Paris is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of the following arguments:If Montana suffers a severe drought, then, if Nevada has its normal light rainfall, Oregon’s water supply will be
Use truth tables to decide which of the following biconditionals are tautologies.[p ⊃ (q ⊃ r)] = [q ⊃ (p ⊃ r)]
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~[(~Rome is the capital of Spain ꓦ Stockholm is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of the following arguments:If Japan continues to increase the export of automobiles, then either Korea or Laos will suffer economic decline.
Use truth tables to decide which of the following biconditionals are tautologies.[(p ⊃ q) ⊃ r] = [(q ⊃ p) ⊃ r]
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~[(~ Paris is the capital of France ꓦ Rome is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of the following arguments:If Greece strengthens its democratic institutions, then Hungary will pursue a more independent policy. If Greece
Use truth tables to decide which of the following biconditionals are tautologies.(p ⊃ q) = (~ p ⊃ ~ q)
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~[~(London is the capital of England ⋅ Paris is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of the following arguments:If Denmark refuses to join the European Community, then, if Estonia remains in the Russian sphere of influence,
Use truth tables to decide which of the following biconditionals are tautologies.(p ⊃ q) (~ q ⊃ ~ p)
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~[~(Rome is the capital of Spain ⋅ Stockholm is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of the following arguments:If Angola achieves stability, then both Botswana and Chad will adopt more liberal policies. But Botswana will not
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
Use truth tables to prove the validity or invalidity of each of the argument forms in Section 8.5, Group B, pp. 288–9.(P1): K ꓦ L(P2): K∴~ L
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
Use truth tables to prove the validity or invalidity of each of the argument forms in Section 8.5, Group B, pp. 288–9.(P1): (I ꓦ J) ⊃ (I · J)(P2):~ (I ꓦ J)∴~(I ⋅ J )
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~ Rome is the capital of Spain ꓦ ~ Paris is the capital of France.
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~ (Rome is the capital of Spain ꓦ Paris is the capital of France).
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~ London is the capital of England · ~ Stockholm is the capital of
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:A soft answer turneth away wrath.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:He jests at scars that never felt a wound.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:Rome is the capital of Spain ꓦ (~London is the capital of England
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of each of the following arguments:(P1): K ꓦ L(P2): K∴~ L
Use truth tables to determine whether the following statement forms are tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent.p ⊃ [p ⊃ (q · ~ q)]
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~[~(Stockholm is the capital of Norway ꓦ Paris is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of each of the following arguments:(P1): (I ꓦ J) ⊃ (I · J)(P2):~ (I ꓦ J)∴~(I ⋅ J )
Use truth tables to determine whether the following statement forms are tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent.p ⊃ [∼p ⊃(q ꓦ ~q) ]
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~ [~(~ London is the capital of England ⋅ Rome is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of each of the following arguments:(P1): (G ꓦ H) ⊃ (G · H)(P2): ~(G · H)∴ ~(G ꓦ H)
Use truth tables to determine whether the following statement forms are tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent.(p ⋅ q) ⋅ (p ⊃ ~q)
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~[~(~Rome is the capital of Spain ꓦ ~ Paris is the capital of
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of each of the following arguments:(P1): E ⊃ F(P2): F ⊃ E∴E ꓦ F
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of each of the following arguments:(P1): (C ꓦ D)(C · D)(P2): C · D∴C ꓦ D
Use truth tables to determine whether the following statement forms are tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent.p⊃[( p⊃ q) ⊃ q]
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:~(~ Paris is the capital of France ⋅ ~ Stockholm is the capital
Use truth tables to determine the validity or invalidity of each of the following arguments:(P1): (A ꓦ B) ⊃ (A · B)(P2): A ꓦ B∴A ⋅ B
Use truth tables to determine whether the following statement forms are tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent.[p⊃( p ⊃ q)]⊃ q
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:Rome is the capital of Italy ⋅ ~ (Paris is the capital of France
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:Rome is the capital of Spain ꓦ ~ (Paris is the capital of France
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:(London is the capital of England ꓦ Stockholm is the capital of
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:(Paris is the capital of France ⋅ Rome is the capital of Spain)
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:Stockholm is the capital of Norway ⋅ ~ Stockholm is the capital
For each statement in the left-hand column, indicate which, if any, of the statement forms in the right-hand column have the given statement as a substitution instance, and indicate which, if any, is
Using the truth-table definitions of the dot, the wedge, and the tilde (curl), determine which of the following statements are true:London is the capital of England ꓦ ~ London is the capital of
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:None think the great unhappy but the great.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:All that glitters is not gold.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
Anthrax is a disease that is nearly always deadly to cows and other animals. The nineteenth-century French veterinarian Louvrier devised a treatment for anthrax that was later shown to be totally
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:This embarrassing volume is an out-and-out partisan screed made up of illogical arguments, distorted and cherry-picked
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:A national organization called In Defense of Animals registered protest, in 1996, against alleged cruelty to animals being
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. For that some should rule and others be ruled is a thing not only necessary, but expedient; from the
Identify and explain any fallacies of defective induction or of presumption in the following passages:“ . . . I’ve always reckoned that looking at the new moon over your left shoulder is one of
Which of the various functions of language are exemplified by each of the following passages?Reject the weakness of missionaries who teach neither love nor brotherhood, but chiefly the virtues of
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