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social science
introduction to logic
Questions and Answers of
Introduction To Logic
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
On the basis of past performance, the probability that the favorite will win the Bellevue Handicap is .46, while there is a probability of only .1 that a certain dark horse will win. If the favorite
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:I was seven years old when the first election campaign which I can remember took place in my district. At that time we still
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong.b. But that’s the way to bet.
Identify and explain any fallacies of defective induction or of presumption in the following passages:In a motion picture featuring the famous French comedian Sacha Guitry, three thieves are arguing
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
Diagram each of the following passages, which may contain more than one argument.The distinguished economist J. K. Galbraith long fought to expose and improve a society exhibiting “private opulence
Four men whose houses are built around a square spend an evening celebrating in the center of the square. At the end of the celebration each staggers off to one of the houses, no two going to the
The New York Times reported, on 30 May 2000, that some scientists were seeking a way to signal back in time. A critical reader responded thus: It seems obvious to me that scientists in the future
Which of the various functions of language are exemplified by each of the following passages?I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea, But we loved with a love that was
Space contains such a huge supply of atoms that all eternity would not be enough time to count them and count the forces which drive the atoms into various places just as they have been driven
Which of the various functions of language are exemplified by each of the following passages?If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal.
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
If $100 invested in the preferred stock of a certain company will yield a return of $110 with a probability of .85, whereas the probability is only .67 that the same amount invested in common stock
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:According to R. Grunberger, author of A Social History of the Third Reich , Nazi publishers used to send the following notice
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
Diagram each of the following passages, which may contain more than one argument.Defending the adoption of the euro in place of the pound as the monetary unit of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister
A dentist has her office in a building with five entrances, all equally accessible. Three patients arrive at her office at the same time. What is the probability that they all entered the building by
Nicholas Kristof equates the hunting of whales by Eskimos with the whaling habits of Japanese, Norwegians, and Icelanders. The harsh environment of the Inupiat [Eskimos] dictates their diet, so not
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
The probability of being killed by a stroke of lightning, calculated using the frequency theory of probability, is approximately 1 in 3 million. That is about 58 times greater than was the
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:In While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam Is Destroying the West from Within (2006), Bruce Bawer argues that “by appeasing a
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the
Identify and explain any fallacies of defective induction or of presumption in the following passages:Former Senator Robert Packwood of Oregon became so angry at the state’s leading newspaper, the
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
Diagram each of the following passages, which may contain more than one argument.California’s “three strikes and you’re out” law was enacted 10 years ago this month (March, 2004). Between
On 25 October 2003, at the Santa Anita Racetrack in Arcadia, California, Mr. Graham Stone, from Rapid City, South Dakota, won a single bet in which he had picked the winner of six successive races !
The following notice is a real one, distributed to all the parents in the school attended by the son of one of the authors of this book: In this raffle, supposing all the tickets were sold, what
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:To know absolutely that there is no God one must have infinite knowledge. But to have infinite knowledge one would have to be
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor
Identify and explain any fallacies of defective induction or of presumption in the following passages:Mr. Farrakhan, the Black Muslim leader, citing the example of Israel, said black Americans should
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
Diagram each of the following passages, which may contain more than one argument.No one means all he says, and yet very few say all they mean, for words are slippery and thought is viscous.
In each of two closets there are three cartons. Five of the cartons contain canned vegetables. The other carton contains canned fruits: ten cans of pears, eight cans of peaches, and six cans of fruit
If you marry without love, it does not mean you will not later come to love the person you marry. And if you marry the person you love, it does not mean that you will always love that person or have
Which of the various functions of language are exemplified by each of the following passages?I herewith notify you that at this date and through this document I resign the office of President of the
Identify and explain any fallacies of defective induction or of presumption in the following passages:The French claim to be a nation of rebels. In fact their heyday of revolution is over.
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
Diagram each of the following passages, which may contain more than one argument.The first impression becomes a self-fulfilling prophesy: we hear what we expect to hear. The interview is hopelessly
A player at draw poker holds the seven of spades and the eight, nine, ten, and ace of diamonds. Aware that all the other players are drawing three cards, he figures that any hand he could win with a
Our entire tax system depends upon the vast majority of taxpayers who attempt to pay the taxes they owe having confidence that they’re being treated fairly and that their competitors and neighbors
Which of the various functions of language are exemplified by each of the following passages?American life is a powerful solvent. It seems to neutralize every intellectual element, however tough and
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. Belief in the existence of god is as groundless as it is useless. The world will never be happy until
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:When we had got to this point in the argument, and everyone saw that the definition of justice had been completely upset,
Identify and explain any fallacies of defective induction or of presumption in the following passages:Hiroyuki Suzuki was formerly a member of the Sakaume gumi, an independent crime family in Japan
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
Diagram each of the following passages, which may contain more than one argument.No government can ever guarantee that the small investor has an equal chance of winning. It is beyond dishonest to
Four students decide they need an extra day to cram for a Monday exam. They leave town for the weekend, returning Tuesday. Producing dated receipts for hotel and other expenses, they explain that
This passages, which may contain more than one argument.People and governments want to talk, talk, talk about racism and other forms of intolerance; we are obsessed with racial and ethnic
Which of the various functions of language are exemplified by each of the following passages?The easternmost point of land in the United States—as well as the northernmost point and the westernmost
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
What language functions are most probably intended to be served by each of the following passages?There is no caste here. Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes
Calculate the shooter’s chances of winning in a craps game by the second method; that is, compute the chances of his losing, and subtract that result from 1.
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:I also admit that there are people for whom even the reality of the external world [is] a grave problem. My answer is that I
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. I know of no pursuit in which more real and important services can be rendered to any country than by
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
In drawing three cards in succession from a standard deck, what is the probability of getting at least one spade, (a) If each card is replaced before making the next drawing? (b) If the
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:Clarence Darrow, renowned criminal trial lawyer, began one shrewd plea to a jury thus:You folks think we city people are all
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. Whenever there is, in any country, uncultivated land and unemployed poor, it is clear that the laws
There may be one argument or more than one argument in each of the following passages. Paraphrase the premises and conclusions (or use diagrams if that is helpful) to analyze the arguments found in
There may be one argument or more than one argument in each of the following passages. Paraphrase the premises and conclusions (or use diagrams if that is helpful) to analyze the arguments found in
What language functions are most probably intended to be served by each of the following passages?Judges do not know how to rehabilitate criminals—because no one knows.
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. The right of revolution is an inherent one. When people are oppressed by their government, it is a
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
What language functions are most probably intended to be served by each of the following passages?When tillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers therefore are the founders of human civilization.
There may be one argument or more than one argument in each of the following passages. Paraphrase the premises and conclusions (or use diagrams if that is helpful) to analyze the arguments found in
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
What is the probability of getting heads at least once in three tosses of a coin?
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
If three balls are selected at random from an urn containing 5 red, 10 white, and 15 blue balls, what is the probability that they will all be the same color (a) If each ball is replaced before
Some of the following passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:The U.S. Department of Agriculture operates a price support program for the benefit of tobacco producers; its regulations
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. Language is the armory of the human mind; and at once contains the trophies of its past, and the
Identify the kinds of agreement or disagreement most probably exhibited by the following pairs:a. How does it become a man to behave towards the American government today? I answer, that he cannot
What language functions are most probably intended to be served by each of the following passages?They have no lawyers among them, for they consider them as a sort of people whose profession it is to
What language functions are most probably intended to be served by each of the following passages?The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.
There may be one argument or more than one argument in each of the following passages. Paraphrase the premises and conclusions (or use diagrams if that is helpful) to analyze the arguments found in
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
A. Identify three disagreements in current political or social controversy that are of the three types described in this section: one that is genuine, one that is merely verbal, and one that is
If someone offers to bet you even money that you will not throw either an ace or a six on either of two successive throws of a die, should you accept the wager?
This passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of each passage? What
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:During World War I, the British government deliberately inflamed the anti-German sentiments of the people with cartoons. One
Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages. Some premises do support the conclusion, others do not. Note that premises may support conclusions directly or indirectly and that
There may be one argument or more than one argument in each of the following passages. Paraphrase the premises and conclusions (or use diagrams if that is helpful) to analyze the arguments found in
Which of the various functions of language are exemplified by each of the following passages?’Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogoves,And the
This passages contain explanations, some contain arguments, and some may be interpreted as either an argument or an explanation. What is your judgment about the chief function of each passage? What
Each of the following famous passages, taken from classical literature and philosophy, comprises a set of arguments whose complicated interrelations are critical for the force of the whole. Construct
Identify and explain the fallacies of relevance in the following passages:Nietzsche was personally more philosophical than his philosophy. His talk about power, harshness, and superb immorality was
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