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social science
introduction to logic

Questions and Answers of Introduction To Logic

For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:If we are to have peace, we must not encourage the competitive spirit, whereas if we are to make progress, we must
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Identify the form of each of the following arguments and state whether the argument is valid or invalid:If number were an idea, then arithmetic would be psychology. But arithmetic is no more
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:The Young Turks support no candidate of the Old Guard.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:The decision of the Supreme Court in U.S. v. Nixon (1974), handed down the first day of the Judiciary Committee’s
Identify the form of each of the following arguments and state whether the argument is valid or invalid:It is clear that we mean something, and something different in each case, by such words [as
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:Inevitably, the use of the placebo involved built-in contradictions. A good patient– doctor relationship is
Identify the form of each of the following arguments and state whether the argument is valid or invalid:I do know that this pencil exists; but I could not know this, if Hume’s principles were true;
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:Only members can use the front door.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:If Socrates died, he died either when he was living or when he was dead. But he did not die while living; for
Identify the form of each of the following arguments and state whether the argument is valid or invalid:Either wealth is an evil or wealth is a good; but wealth is not an evil; therefore wealth is a
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:He who takes the sword shall perish by the sword.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:And what a life should I lead, at my age, wandering from city to city, ever changing my place of exile, and always
Identify the form of each of the following arguments and state whether the argument is valid or invalid:There is no case known (neither is it, indeed, possible) in which a thing is found to be the
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
For each of the following arguments,a. Translate the argument into standard form.b. Name the mood and figure of its standard-form translation.c. Test its validity using a Venn diagram. If it is
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:To hear her sing is an inspiration.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:If a thing moves, it moves either in the place where it is or in that where it is not; but it moves neither in the
Identify the form of each of the following arguments and state whether the argument is valid or invalid:If then, it is agreed that things are either the result of coincidence or for an end, and that
Each of the following sets of propositions can serve as premises for a valid sorites. For each, find the conclusion and establish that the argument is valid.(1) When I work a logic example
Translate the following propositions into standard form, using parameters where necessary.People are never so likely to settle a question rightly as when they discuss it freely.
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:He sees not his shadow who faces the sun.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Translate the following syllogistic arguments into standard form, and test their validity by using either Venn diagrams or the syllogistic rules set forth in Chapter 6.All useful things are objects
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:All political action aims at either preservation or change. When desiring to preserve, we wish to prevent a change
Identify the form of each of the following arguments and state whether the argument is valid or invalid:I have already said that he must have gone to King’s Pyland or to Capleton. He is not at
Each of the following sets of propositions can serve as premises for a valid sorites. For each, find the conclusion and establish that the argument is valid.(1) All my daughters are slim.(2) No child
Translate the following propositions into standard form, using parameters where necessary.Error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it.
Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions:Good counselors are not universally appreciated.
For each of the following enthymematic arguments:a. Formulate the plausible premise or conclusion, if any, that is missing but understood.b. Write the argument in standard form, including the missing
Translate the following syllogistic arguments into standard form, and test their validity by using either Venn diagrams or the syllogistic rules set forth in Chapter 6.All things present are
Discuss the various arguments that might be offered to refute each of the following:Archbishop Morton, Chancellor under Henry VII, was famous for his method of extracting “contributions” to the
Put each of the following syllogisms into standard form, name its mood and figure, and test its validity using a Venn diagram:Some Christians are not Methodists, for some Christians are not
In the preceding discussion of existential import, it was shown why, in the Boolean interpretation of propositions adopted in this book, most of the inferences that traditionally were thought to be
Identify the subject and predicate terms in, and name the form of, each of the following propositions:Some members of families that are rich and famous are not persons of either wealth or distinction.
Name the quality and quantity of each of the following propositions, and state whether their subject and predicate terms are distributed or undistributed:All hard-line advocates of law and order at
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
If “Some saints were martyrs” is true, what may be inferred about the truth or falsehood of the following propositions? That is, which can be known to be true, which can be known to be false, and
Identify the subject and predicate terms in, and name the form of, each of the following propositions:Some paintings produced by artists who are universally recognized as masters are not works of
Name the quality and quantity of each of the following propositions, and state whether their subject and predicate terms are distributed or undistributed:Some recent rulings of the Supreme Court were
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
If “Some merchants are not pirates” is true, what may be inferred about the truth or falsehood of the following propositions? That is, which can be known to be true, which can be known to be
Identify the subject and predicate terms in, and name the form of, each of the following propositions:All drivers of automobiles that are not safe are desperadoes who threaten the lives of their
Identify the subject and predicate terms in, and name the form of, each of the following propositions:Some politicians who could not be elected to the most minor positions are appointed officials in
Name the quality and quantity of each of the following propositions, and state whether their subject and predicate terms are distributed or undistributed:No harmful pesticides or chemical defoliants
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Identify the subject and predicate terms in, and name the form of, each of the following propositions:Some drugs that are very effective when properly administered are not safe remedies that all
Name the quality and quantity of each of the following propositions, and state whether their subject and predicate terms are distributed or undistributed:Some advocates of major political, social,
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Identify the subject and predicate terms in, and name the form of, each of the following propositions:No people who have not themselves done creative work in the arts are responsible critics on whose
Name the quality and quantity of each of the following propositions, and state whether their subject and predicate terms are distributed or undistributed:All new labor-saving devices are major
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
Express each of the following propositions as equalities or inequalities, representing each class by the first letter of the English term designating it, and symbolizing the proposition by means of a
For students who enjoy the complexities of analytical syllogistics, here follow some theoretical questions whose answers can all be derived from the systematic application of the six rules of the
Write out each of the following syllogistic forms, using S and P as the subject and predicate terms of the conclusion, and M as the middle term. (Refer to the chart of the four syllogistic figures,
All artificial satellites are important scientific achievements; therefore some important scientific achievements are not U.S. inventions, inasmuch as some artificial satellites are not U.S.
Refute, by the method of constructing logical analogies, any of the following arguments that are invalid:No Republicans are Democrats, so some Democrats are wealthy stockbrokers, because some wealthy
Identify the rule that is broken by invalid syllogisms of the following forms, and name the fallacy that each commits:IAO–3
For students who enjoy the complexities of analytical syllogistics, here follow some theoretical questions whose answers can all be derived from the systematic application of the six rules of the
Write out each of the following syllogistic forms, using S and P as the subject and predicate terms of the conclusion, and M as the middle term. (Refer to the chart of the four syllogistic figures,
No television stars are certified public accountants, but all certified public accountants are people of good business sense; it follows that no television stars are people of good business sense.
Refute, by the method of constructing logical analogies, any of the following arguments that are invalid:No college graduates are persons having an IQ of less than 70, but all persons who have an IQ
Identify the rule that is broken by invalid syllogisms of the following forms, and name the fallacy that each commits:OEO–4
For students who enjoy the complexities of analytical syllogistics, here follow some theoretical questions whose answers can all be derived from the systematic application of the six rules of the
Write out each of the following syllogistic forms, using S and P as the subject and predicate terms of the conclusion, and M as the middle term. (Refer to the chart of the four syllogistic figures,
Some conservatives are not advocates of high tariff rates, because all advocates of high tariff rates are Republicans, and some Republicans are not conservatives.
Refute, by the method of constructing logical analogies, any of the following arguments that are invalid:All fireproof buildings are structures that can be insured at special rates, so some
Identify the rule that is broken by invalid syllogisms of the following forms, and name the fallacy that each commits:AAA–3
For students who enjoy the complexities of analytical syllogistics, here follow some theoretical questions whose answers can all be derived from the systematic application of the six rules of the
Write out each of the following syllogistic forms, using S and P as the subject and predicate terms of the conclusion, and M as the middle term. (Refer to the chart of the four syllogistic figures,
All CD players are delicate mechanisms, but no delicate mechanisms are suitable toys for children; consequently, no CD players are suitable toys for children.
Refute, by the method of constructing logical analogies, any of the following arguments that are invalid:All blue-chip securities are safe investments, so some stocks that pay a generous dividend are
Identify the rule that is broken by invalid syllogisms of the following forms, and name the fallacy that each commits:IAI–2
For students who enjoy the complexities of analytical syllogistics, here follow some theoretical questions whose answers can all be derived from the systematic application of the six rules of the
Write out each of the following syllogistic forms, using S and P as the subject and predicate terms of the conclusion, and M as the middle term. (Refer to the chart of the four syllogistic figures,
All juvenile delinquents are maladjusted individuals, and some juvenile delinquents are products of broken homes; hence some maladjusted individuals are products of broken homes.
Refute, by the method of constructing logical analogies, any of the following arguments that are invalid:Some pediatricians are not specialists in surgery, so some general practitioners are not
Identify the rule that is broken by invalid syllogisms of the following forms, and name the fallacy that each commits:OAA–3
For students who enjoy the complexities of analytical syllogistics, here follow some theoretical questions whose answers can all be derived from the systematic application of the six rules of the
Write out each of the following syllogistic forms, using S and P as the subject and predicate terms of the conclusion, and M as the middle term. (Refer to the chart of the four syllogistic figures,
No stubborn individuals who never admit a mistake are good teachers, so, because some well-informed people are stubborn individuals who never admit a mistake, some good teachers are not well-informed

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