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social science
introduction to logic

A Concise Introduction to Logic 13th edition Patrick J. Hurley, Lori Watson - Solutions

What is the probability of getting at least one head on three tosses of a coin?
What is the probability of drawing at least one ace from a poker deck on two draws if the first card is replaced before the second is drawn?
What is the probability of drawing two aces from a poker deck in two drawsa. If the first card is replaced before the second is drawn?b. If the first card is not replaced before the second is drawn?
What is the probability of drawing either a king or a queen from a poker deck (no jokers) on a single draw?
What is the probability of getting heads on three successive tosses of a coin?
What is the probability of getting either a six or a one from a single roll of a die?
Five bettors give the following odds that Black Mercury will win in the sixth race: 7 to 5, 2 to 1, 8 to 3, 5 to 2, and 7 to 4. Based on these odds, what is the probability that Black Mercury will win?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
Over a ten-year period, in a given population, there were 5,491 births, and thirteen of the babies had a certain genetic disorder. What is the probability that one of the babies born during this period had the disorder?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
Suppose three people enter a total of nine horses in a race. Bob enters two, Jane enters three, and Kate enters four. If each horse has an equal chance of winning, what is the probability that one of Kate’s horses wins?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
Given a regular dodecahedron (a twelve-sided solid in which each face is a regular pentagon that is congruent with each of the other faces): If this solid is rolled on a surface, what is the probability that a specifically named face will be in contact with the surface?Compute probabilities or odds
Suppose four weather forecasters assign the following probabilities that it will rain tomorrow: 1/4, 1/5, 2/5, 1/3. What is the probability that this event will happen?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
Suppose you give 1:6 odds that you can roll a “1” with a single fair die. If someone accepts your bet, how much could you expect to win after 100 rolls if you bet $1 on each roll?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
Given an urn containing four red balls, three green balls, and five yellow balls, what are the odds of drawing a red ball on a single draw?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
If the odds of the Broncos beating the Dolphins is 5 to 4, and you bet $10 on the Broncos, how much do you stand to win?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
Given an urn containing three red balls, four green balls, and five yellow balls, what is the probability of drawing a red ball on a single draw?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
If the probability of the Red Sox beating the Tigers is 6/17, what are the odds for this event?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
What is the probability of picking a black jack from a poker deck (without jokers) on a single draw?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
From a sample of 7,335 seventy-five-year-old women, 6,260 lived an additional five years. What is the probability that a seventy-five-year-old woman will live to age eighty?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
If the standard odds are 8 to 5 that the Chargers will beat the Lions, what is the probability that this event will happen?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
If the standard odds are 8 to 5 that the Chargers will beat the Lions, what is the probability that this event will happen?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
From a sample of 9,750 Ajax trucks, 273 developed transmission problems within the first two years of operation. What is the probability that an Ajax truck will develop transmission problems within the first two years?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
What is the probability of rolling a five on a single roll of a die? What are the odds for this event?Compute probabilities or odds for the following simple events.
Identify three causal connections that are not mentioned in this book: One must be a sufficient condition, one must be a necessary condition, one must be a sufficient and necessary condition. Then explain why each causal connection fits the classification you have given it.
From a comparison of statistics a criminologist detected what he thought was a correlation between fluctuations in the employment rate and in crimes of theft. For every 2 percent increase in the employment rate, the rate of theft decreased by 1 percent, and for every 2 percent decrease in the
An administrator for the Internal Revenue Service noticed that tax revenues for a certain year were down by 14 percent. Of this amount, the administrator attributed 6 percent to an economic slowdown that year, 3 percent to higher interest rates that led to higher write-offs, and 2 percent to
During fifteen years of marriage, James and Leslie Knox had not succeeded in having a baby. As a last resort, they tried in vitro fertilization. Doctors surgically removed nine eggs from Leslie and fertilized them with James’s sperm. The embryos were then placed in a freezer until the proper time
Lynn Dodd, age twenty, has become a member of New Age Enlightenment, a religious cult group. The group has convinced Lynn to sell all her worldly possessions and give the proceeds to the group. The group forbids any contact between Lynn and her relatives and friends. On one occasion Lynn’s
Evaluate the arguments from analogy contained in the dialogue between Jason and Deirdre. First, identify the primary and secondary analogues in each analogy and counteranalogy. Next, list the similarities between the primary and secondary analogues and note their relevance to the conclusion. Add
Create an argument relating to cities that involves an identity expression. Then translate the argument into the symbolism of predicate logic and derive the conclusion using conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Every student except Charles and Norman passed the course. The only student who was dismissed was Norman. Every student retook the course if and only if he or she was not dismissed and did not pass. Charles is not Norman. Therefore, exactly one student retook the course. (Sx: x is a student; Px: x
Every candidate except Mary was elected. The only candidate who was elected is Ralph. Mary is not Ralph. Therefore, there were exactly two candidates. (Cx: x is a candidate; Ex: x was elected; m: Mary; r: Ralph)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect
Every candidate except Mary was elected. The only candidate who was elected is Ralph. Mary is not Ralph. Therefore, there were exactly two candidates. (Cx: x is a candidate; Ex: x was elected; m: Mary; r: Ralph)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect
Every candidate except Mary was elected. The only candidate who was elected is Ralph. Mary is not Ralph. Therefore, there were exactly two candidates. (Cx: x is a candidate; Ex: x was elected; m: Mary; r: Ralph)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect
There are at most two scientists in the laboratory. At least two scientists in the laboratory are Russians. No Russians are Chinese. Therefore, if Norene is a Chinese scientist, then she is not in the laboratory. (Sx: x is a scientist; Lx: x is in the laboratory; Rx: x is Russian; Cx: x is Chinese;
There are at least two attorneys in the office. All attorneys are professionals. There are at most two professionals in the office. Therefore, there are exactly two professionals in the office. (Ax: x is an attorney; Ox: x is in the office; Px: x is a professional)Derive the conclusion of the
The only dogs that barked were Fido and Pluto. Fido is not Pluto. Every dog except Fido ran on the beach. Therefore, exactly one barking dog ran on the beach. (Dx: x is a dog; Bx: x barked; Rx: x ran on the beach; f: Fido; p: Pluto)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional
There are at least two philosophers in the library. Robert is the only French philosopher in the library. Therefore, there is a philosopher in the library who is not French. (Px: x is a philosopher; Lx: x is in the library; Fx: x is French; r: Robert)Derive the conclusion of the following
The tallest building in North America is One World Trade Center. The tallest building in North America is located in New York City. If one thing is taller than another, then the latter is not taller than the former. Therefore, One World Trade Center is located in New York City. (Bx: x is a building
The highest mountain is in Tibet. Therefore, there is a mountain in Tibet that is higher than any mountain not in Tibet. (Mx: x is a mountain; Hxy: x is higher than y; Tx: x is in Tibet)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
The only person who ordered fish is Astrid. The only person who suffered indigestion is Ms. Wilson. Some person who ordered fish also suffered indigestion. Therefore, Astrid is Ms. Wilson. (Px: x is a person; Ox: x ordered fish; Sx: x suffered indigestion; a: Astrid; w: Ms. Wilson)Derive the
Every member except Ellen sang a song. Every member except Nancy gave a speech. Ellen is not Nancy. Therefore, Ellen gave a speech and Nancy sang a song. (Mx: x is a member; Sx: x sang a song; Gx: x gave a speech; e: Ellen; n: Nancy)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional
The dog that bit the letter carrier is a large terrier. Ajax is a small dog. Therefore, Ajax did not bite the letter carrier. (Dx: x is a dog; Bx: x bit the letter carrier; Lx: x is large; Tx: x is a terrier; a: Ajax)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional proof or
The author of King Lear was an English actor. John Milton was English but not an actor. Therefore, John Milton is not the author of King Lear. (Wxy: x wrote y; Ex: x is English; Ax: x is an actor; k: King Lear; m: John Milton)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional proof
The novel on the table was written by Margaret Mitchell. The only novel Margaret Mitchell wrote is Gone with the Wind. Therefore, the novel on the table is Gone with the Wind. (Nx: x is a novel; Tx: x is on the table; Wxy: x wrote y; m: Margaret Mitchell; g: Gone with the Wind )Derive the
The artist who painted the Mona Lisa was a Florentine. Leonardo is the artist who painted the Mona Lisa. Therefore, Leonardo was a Florentine. (Ax: x is an artist; Pxy: x painted y; Fx: x was a Florentine; m: the Mona Lisa; l: Leonardo)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use
Ronald Reagan was the oldest U.S. president. Woodrow Wilson was a U.S. president. Woodrow Wilson is not Ronald Reagan. Therefore, Ronald Reagan was older than Woodrow Wilson. (Ux: x is a U.S. president; Oxy: x is older than y; r: Ronald Reagan; w: Woodrow Wilson)Derive the conclusion of the
Some of Jane Collier’s novels are interesting. The only novel Jane Collier wrote is The Cry. Therefore, The Cry is interesting. (Nx: x is a novel; Wxy: x wrote y; Ix: x is interesting; j: Jane Collier; c: The Cry)Derive the conclusion of the following arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
Derive the conclusion of the following symbolized arguments. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed.
There are at least three stars in Orion. (Sx: x is a star; Ox: x is in Orion)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
The person who discovered relativity theory was an employee in the Swiss patent office. (Px: x is a person; Dxy: x discovered y; Ex: x is an employee in the Swiss patent office; r : relativity theory)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
Every Speaker of the House except Nancy Pelosi has been a man. (Sx: x is Speaker of the House; Mx: x is a man; n: Nancy Pelosi)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
There are exactly two tenors in Carmen. (Tx: x is a tenor; Cx: x is in Carmen)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
Hinduism is the oldest religion. (Rx: x is a religion; Oxy: x is older than y; h: Hinduism)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
The explorer who discovered the North Pole was Admiral Peary. (Ex: x is an explorer; Dxy: x discovered y; n: the North Pole; a: Admiral Peary)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
Gustav Mahler is not Anton Bruckner. (m: Gustav Mahler; b: Anton Bruckner)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
There are at most two senators from New Hampshire. (Sx: x is a senator; Nx: x is from New Hampshire)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
No major league baseball player has hit seventy-three home runs in a single season except Barry Bonds. (Mx: x is a major league baseball player; Hx: x has hit seventy-three home runs in a single season; b: Barry Bonds)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
No major league baseball player has hit seventy-three home runs in a single season except Barry Bonds. (Mx: x is a major league baseball player; Hx: x has hit seventy-three home runs in a single season; b: Barry Bonds)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
Hamlet had at most one sister. (Sxy: x is a sister of y; h: Hamlet)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
Only George Blanda has played twenty-six seasons of professional football games. (Px: x has played twenty-six seasons of professional football games; b: George Blanda)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
There are at least two cities in Qatar. (Cx: x is a city; Qx: x is in Qatar)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
The only American president elected to a fourth term was Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Ax: x is an American president; Ex: x was elected to a fourth term; r: Franklin D. Roosevelt)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
The only American president elected to a fourth term was Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Ax: x is an American president; Ex: x was elected to a fourth term; r: Franklin D. Roosevelt)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
Lady Gaga is Stefani Germanotta. (l: Lady Gaga; s: Stefani Germanotta)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
There is at least one newspaper in St. Louis. (Nx: x is a newspaper; Sx: x is in St. Louis)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
The smallest state is Rhode Island. (Sx: x is a state; Sxy: x is smaller than y; r: Rhode Island)Translate the following statements.Assorted statements
The capital of Georgia is not Savannah. (Cxy: x is the capital of y, g: Georgia; s: Savannah)Translate the following statements.Statements containing definite descriptions
The artist who painted the Allegory of Spring was Botticelli. (Ax: x is an artist; Pxy: x painted y; a: the Allegory of Spring; b: Botticelli)Translate the following statements.Statements containing definite descriptions
The man who composed The Nutcracker was Russian. (Mx: x is a man; Cxy: x composed y; Rx: x was Russian; n: The Nutcracker)Translate the following statements.Statements containing definite descriptions
The wife of Othello is Desdemona. (Wxy: x is the wife of y; o: Othello; d: Desdemona)Translate the following statements.Statements containing definite descriptions
The author of Vanity Fair was born in India. (Wxy: x wrote y; Bx: x was born in India; v: Vanity Fair)Translate the following statements.Statements containing definite descriptions
There are exactly two bright stars in Gemini. (Sx: x is a star; Bx: x is bright; Gx: x is in Gemini)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements
There is exactly one natural satellite of the earth. (Sx: x is a satellite of the earth; Nx: x is natural)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements
There is exactly one U.S. Supreme Court. (Ux: x is a U.S. Supreme Court)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements
There are at least three carbon allotropes. (Cx: x is a carbon allotrope)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements
There are at least three carbon allotropes. (Cx: x is a carbon allotrope)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements
There are at least two atoms in a water molecule. (Ax: x is an atom; Wx: x is in a water molecule)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements
There are at least two atoms in a water molecule. (Ax: x is an atom; Wx: x is in a water molecule)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements
There is at least one quarterback on a football team. (Qx: x is a quarterback; Fx: x is on a football team)Translate the following statements.Numerical statements

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