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management fundamentals concepts

Questions and Answers of Management Fundamentals Concepts

1. How did Walt Disney build his empire? What was the pattern in his “stream of actions?”2. What happened in the years between Walt Disney’s death and the arrival of Michael Eisner? Do a SWOT
1. In the 1990s, what kind of ventures has Disney been engaged in up until the time of the merger with Capital Cities/ABC? How have these ventures affected Disney’s business- and corporate-level
Why is it important to understand the drivers of profitability, as measured by the return on invested capital?
1. How would you characterize the business model of Southwest Airlines? How does this differ from the business model used at many other airlines, such as United and American Airlines?2. Identify the
a. Why did Harley Davidson get into trouble by the 1980s?b. How was the industry changing even as Harley Davidson was struggling to stay alive?c. How was Harley Davidson’s turnaround engineered?d.
In what sense might innovation be called the single most important building block of competitive advantage?
1. What are the benefits of eliminating the long-standing policy at Matsushita that different divisions should be allowed to develop the same basic product? Are there any potential drawbacks of such
What are the strategies behind the Six Continents and Holiday Inn current business model? In what ways are they trying to improve competitive advantage?Holiday Inn founded the market for
1. Does the pay-per-click business model pioneered by GoTo.com and Google constitute a paradigm shift? How? What are the implications for other enterprises?2. What is Google trying to do
What are the key problems involved in maintaining a competitive advantage in embryonic and growth industry environments? What are the dangers associated with being the leader?
1. What business model and strategies made Mattel the industry leader?2. What strategies have its rival, MGA pursued that have threatened its competitive position?3. What new strategies does Mattel
1. How influential was Andy Grove in shaping the strategy and culture of Intel? How would you describe his management style? What were the benefits of this style? What were the drawbacks?2. a. Why
1. Why did both Sony and Toshiba perceive it to be so important to get an early lead in sales?2. What strategies and assets enabled Sony to win this format war?3. What might Toshiba have done that
1. What strategy did MTV Networks pursue when it initially started to expand internationally? What assumptions were managers at MTV making about foreign markets at the time?2. What strategy does MTV
What kind of corporate-level strategies did HP and Dell pursue to strengthen their multi-business models?Beating dell: why hp acquired compaqDell’s dominance of the PC industry has had terrible
1. Analyze the competitive structure of the brokerage house industry using Porter’s five forces model. What are the principle drivers of profitability in this industry? How have changing
1. In what ways has Tyco’s multi-business model changed over time? Why did its top managers make these changes? 2. Collect some recent information on the current performance of the three new
How prevalent was the agency problem in corporate America during the last decade? During the late 1990s, there was a boom in initial public offerings of Internet companies (dot.com
Why is maximizing return on invested capital consistent with maximizing returns to stockholders?
1. Under the leadership Dennis Kozlowski, Tyco grew rapidly for a decade. Why do you think Kozlowski pursued his growth through acquisition strategy? How did it benefit Tyco? How did it benefit
1. What is the nature of the competitive environments in which Nucor operates? What are the competitive implications?2. What factors have helped Nucor achieve a low‑cost position?3. How did
Focusing on coverage of the U.S. presidential election, Julia R. Fox, a telecommunications professor at Indiana University, wondered whether The Daily Show, despite its comedy format, was a valid
What is a correlation coefficient?
What is a linear relation?
Describe a perfect correlation, including its possible coefficients.
What is the difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation?
The following figures display data that depict the relation between students€™ monthly cell phone bills and the number of hours they report that they study per week. a. What does the
Using the data and your work in the previous exercise, perform the remaining five steps of hypothesis testing to explore the relation between trauma and femininity. In step 6, be sure to evaluate the
Using data from Exercise 9.53 on the effects of posthypnotic suggestion on the Stroop effect (Raz, Fan, & Posner, 2005), let€™s conduct an independent samples t test. For this test, we
Find the critical t values for the following data sets:a.Group 1 has 21 participants and group 2 has 16 participants. You are performing a two-tailed test with a p level of 0.05.b.You studied
Consider the following data from two independent groups:a. Calculate s 2 for group 1 and for group 2.b. Calculate df X, df Y, and df total.c. Determine the critical values for t, assuming a two -
In Chapter 1, you were given an opportunity to complete the Stroop test, in which color words are printed in the wrong color; for example, the word red might be printed in the color blue. The
The Florida Department of Corrections publishes an online death row fact sheet. It reports the average time on death row prior to execution as 11.72 years but provides no standard deviation. This
The number of paid days off (e.g., vacation, sick leave) taken by eight employees at a small local business is compared to the national average. You are hired as a consultant by the new business
Psychology researcher Anna Fisher and her colleagues studied whether kindergarten students learned better in decorated classrooms or undecorated classrooms, referred to as “sparse classrooms”
A professor wanted to know if her students’ attitudes toward statistics changed by the end of the course, so she asked them to fill out an “Attitudes Toward Statistics” scale at the beginning
Is it harder to get into graduate programs in psychology or in history? We randomly selected five institutions from among all U.S. institutions with graduate programs. The first number for each is
Below are the numbers of goals scored by the lead scorers of the New Jersey Devils hockey team in the 2007€“2008 and 2008€“2009 seasons. On average, did the Devils play any
Many communities worldwide are lamenting the effects of so-called big box retailers (e.g., Walmart) on their local economies, particularly on small, independently owned shops. Do these large stores
Numbeo is a crowd-sourced Web site that gathers data on cities and countries around the world (www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/). Visitors to the site can add information on variables such as cost of
On its Web site, the Princeton Review claims that students who have taken its course improve their Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, on average, by 210 points (based on the old scoring
Assume we know the following for a paired-samples t test: N = 32, M difference = 1.75, s = 4.0.a. Calculate the t statistic.b. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for a two-tailed test.c. Calculate
Assume we know the following for a paired-samples t test: N = 13, M difference = −0.77, s = 1.42.a. Calculate the t statistic.b. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for a two tailed test.c.
Consider the following data.a. Calculate the paired- samples t statistic, assuming a two-tailed test.b. Calculate the 95% confidence interval.c. Calculate the effect size. Score 2 Score 1 23 16 30 12
Consider the following data:a. Calculate the paired-samples t statistic, assuming a two-tailed test.b. Calculate the 95% confidence interval, assuming a two-tailed test.c. Calculate the effect size
The following are mood scores for 12 participants before and after watching a funny video clip (higher values indicate better mood).a. Calculate the paired-samples t statistic for these mood
The following are scores for 8 students on two different exams.a. Calculate the paire d-samples t statistic for these exam scores.b. Using a two-tailed test and a p level of 0.05, identify the
Assume 8 participants completed a mood scale before and after watching a funny video clip.a. Identify the critical t value for a one-tailed, paired samples t test with a p level of 0.01.b. Identify
Identify critical t v alues for each of the following tests:a. A one-tailed, paired-samples t test performed on before-and-after scores on the Marital Satisfaction Inventory for 18 people who went
Using Cohen’s conventions, interpret the effect sizes that you calculated in:a. Exercise 9.28cCalculate the effect size using Cohen’s d.b. Exercise 9.29cCalculate the effect size using Cohen’s
Assume we know the following for a two-tailed, single-sample t test: μ = 7, N = 41, M = 8.5, s = 2.1.a. Calculate the t statistic.b. Calculate a 99% confidence interval.c. Calculate the effect size
Assume we know the following for a two-tailed, single sample t test, at a p le vel of 0.05: μ = 44.3, N = 114, M = 43, s = 5.9.a. Calculate the t statistic.b. Calculate a 95% confidence interval.c.
Calculate degrees of freedom and identify the critical t value for a single-sample t test in each of the following circumstances:a. Two-tailed test, N = 8, p level of 0.10b. One-tailed test, N = 42,
Identify the critical t value in each of the following circumstances:a. One-tailed test, df = 73, p level of 0.10b. Two-tailed test, df = 108, p level of 0.05c. One-tailed test, df = 38, p level of
For the data 1.01, 0.99, 1.12, 1.27, 0.82, 1.04, calculate the standard deviation under both of the following conditions.a. For the sampleb. As an estimate of the populationc. Calculate the standard
A Midwestern U.S. university reported that its behavioral science majors tended to outperform its humanities majors on the LSAT standardized test for law school admissions. Sadie, an English major,
Unsavory researchers know that one can cheat with hypothesis testing. That is, they know that a researcher can stack the deck in her or his favor, making it easier to reject the null hypothesis.a. If
In an exercise in Chapter 7, we asked you to conduct a z test to ascertain whether the Graded Naming Test (GNT) scores for Canadian participants differed from the GNT norms based on adults in
The z statistic, distributions of means, and height, question 2: Another teacher decides to average the heights of all 15-year-old male students in his classes throughout the day. By the end of the
Using what we know about the height of 15-year-old girls (again, μ = 63.8 inches and σ = 2.66 inches), imagine that a teacher finds the average height of 14 female students i n one of her classes
Imagine that your statistics professor lost all records of students’ raw scores on a recent test. However, she did record students’ z scores for the test, as well as the class average of 41 out
Imagine a basketball team comprised of thirteen 15-year-old boys. The average height of the team is 69.5 inches. Remember, μ = 67 inches and σ = 3.19 inches.a. Calculate the z statistic.b. How does
Imagine a class of thirty-three 15-year-old girls with an average height of 62.6 inches. Remember, μ = 63.8 inches and σ = 2.66 inches.a. Calculate the z statistic.b. How does this sample of girls
Kona, a 15-year-old boy, is 72 inches tall. According to the CDC, the average height for boys at this age is 67.00 inches, with a standard deviation of 3.19 inches.a. Calculate Kona’s z score.b.
Elena, a 15-year-old girl, is 58 inches tall. Based on what we know, the average height for girls at this age is 63.80 inches, with a standard deviation of 2.66 inches.a. Calculate Elena’s z
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ annual report published in 2011 provided adjusted unemployment rates for 10 countries. The mean was 7, and the standard deviation was 1.85. For the following
Compute a z statistic for each of the following, assuming the population h as a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 20:a. A sample of 43 scores has a mean of 101.b. A sample of 60 scores has a
A population has a mean of 55 and a standard deviation of 8. Compute μ M and σ M for each of the following sample sizes:a. 30b. 300c. 3000
Compute the standard error (σM) for each of the following sample sizes, assuming a population mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 20:a. 45b. 100c. 4500
Assume a normal distribution when answering the following questions.a. What percentage of scores falls below the mean?b. What percentage of scores falls between 1 standard deviation below the mean
Referring to the grouped frequency table in Table 2-6, how many children’s shows received pacing scores of 35 or higher?
Report the following numbers to two decimal places: 0.0391; 198.2219; and 17.886.
It seems that 14% of engaged women buy a wedding dress at least one size smaller than their current size. Why? Cornell researchers reported an alarming tendency for women who are engaged to sometimes
The following is an excerpt from the abstract (brief opening summary) from a published research study that examined a reported bias against conservatives in American academia (Fosse, Gross, & Ma,
Luo, Hendriks, and Craik (2007) were interested in whether people might better remember lists of words if the lists were paired with either pictures or sound effects. They asked participants to
In Exercise 11.67 (page 322), we described a Yale University study. Let’s consider a redesign in which researchers randomly assigned 46 participants to place one of three substances below their
In a fictional study, a cognitive psychologist studied memory for names after a group activity. The researcher randomly assigned 120 participants to one of three conditions: (1) group members
Helping, payment, and interactions: Expanding on the work of Heyman and Ariely (2004) as described in the previous exercise, let’s assume a higher level of payment was included and the following
German psychologist David Loschelder and his colleagues conducted an experiment on negotiations (2014). They cited tennis player Andy Roddick€™s agent who thought it was always detrimental
Bardwell, Ensign, and Mills (2005) assessed the moods of 60 male U.S. Marines following a month-long training exercise conducted in cold temperatures and at high altitudes. Negative moods, including
For the hypothesis tests described below in parts (a) through (c), one of which is the same as that described in Exercise 9.31a, identify what the critical z value would have been if there had been
Hours of sleep: The t able below provides information about hours of sleep.a. Calculate statistical power for a one-tailed test (a = 0.05, or 5%) aimed at determining if those in the sample sleep
Why do we modify the formula for calculating standard deviation when using t tests (and divide by N − 1)?
When should we use a t distribution?
How is the calculation of standard error different for a t test than for a z test?
Explain why the standard error for the distribution of sample means is smaller than the standard deviation of sample scores.
Define the symbols in the formula for the t statistic: t = (M – μ M ) / 5 M
What does the phrase “free to vary,” referring to a number of scores in a given sample, mean for statisticians?
When is it appropriate to use a single-sample t test?
How are the critical t values affected by sample size and degrees of freedom?
Why do the t distributions merge with the z distribution as sample size increases?
For the data 93, 97, 91, 88, 103, 94, 97, calculate the standar d deviation under both of these conditions: a. For this sample b. As an estimate of the population c. Calculate the
Explain what each part of the following statistical phrase means, as it would be reported in APA format: t(4) = 2.87, p = 0.032.
What do we mean when we say we have a distribution of mean differences?
When do we use a paired-samples t test?
Explain the distinction between the terms independent samples and paired samples as they relate to t tests.
We use formulas to describe calculations. Find the error in each of the following formulas. Explain why each is incorrect and provide a correction. a.b. SM VN - 1 (М — Им) Ом
How is a paired-samples t test similar to a single-sample t test?
Why is the population mean almost always equal to 0 for the null hypothesis in the two-tailed, paired-samples t test?
How is a paired-samples t test differe nt from a single sample t test?

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