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physics
particle physics

Questions and Answers of Particle Physics

A thin, long, straight wire is surrounded by plastic insulation of radius \(R\) and dielectric constant \(\kappa\) (Figure 26.32). The wire carries a uniform distribution of charge with a positive
What orientation of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field has the greatest electric potential energy? What orientation has the least? (Let the system comprise both the electric dipole and
Identical positively charged objects \(A, B\), and \(C\) are launched with the same initial speed from the same position above a negatively charged sheet that produces a uniform electric field. The
You release three balls simultaneously from the same height above the floor. The balls all carry the same quantity of surplus positive charge, but they have different masses: \(1 \mathrm{~kg}, 2
A proton, a deuteron (a hydrogen nucleus containing one proton and one neutron), and an alpha particle (a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons) initially at rest are all
A proton, a deuteron (a hydrogen nucleus containing one proton and one neutron), and an alpha particle (a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons) initially at rest are all
Consider an isolated system of two identical electric dipoles as in Figure P25.6. For which orientation is the electric potential energy smaller?Data from Figure P25.6 (a) (b)
A dipole carrying charges \(+q\) and \(-q\) separated by a distance \(d\) is rotated \(180^{\circ}\) in a uniform electric field (Figure P25.7). What is the change in electric potential energy
In an electrostatic field, path 1 between points \(A\) and \(B\) is twice as long as path 2 . If the electrostatic work done on a negatively charged particle that moves from \(A\) to \(B\) along path
The electrostatic work done on a particle carrying charge \(q\) as the particle travels from point \(A\) to point \(B\) in an electric field is \(W\). How much electrostatic work is done on a
Electrostatic work \(W\) is done on a charged particle as it travels \(10 \mathrm{~mm}\) along a straight path from point A to point \(B\) in an electric field. If you return the particle to point
Points \(A\) and \(B\) are on the same electric field line. If the potential difference between \(A\) and \(B\) is positive, is the field directed from \(A\) to \(B\) or from \(B\) to \(A\) ?
In three separate experiments, an object is moved from point \(A\) to point \(B\) in the uniform electric field of a large charged plate (Figure P25.12). The object is at rest in both the initial and
Electrostatic work \(W\) is done on a charged particle as the particle travels from point \(A\) to point \(B\) in an electric field. You then apply a force to move the particle back to A, increasing
Points A, B, and C form the vertices of a triangle in a nonuniform electrostatic field. The electrostatic work done on a particle of charge \(q\) as the particle travels from \(A\) to \(B\) is \(W_{A
In the presence of an electrostatic field, you find that you must do positive work on an electron to move it from point \(A\) to point \(B\) without changing its kinetic energy. (a) Considering just
In the presence of an electrostatic field, you find that you must do positive work on a proton to move it from point A to point \(\mathrm{B}\) without changing its kinetic energy. (a) Considering
An electron moves from point \(A\) to point \(B\) under the influence of an electrostatic field in which the potential difference between A and B is negative. (a) If your system includes both the
A proton moves from point \(A\) to point \(B\) under the influence of an electrostatic field in which the potential difference between A and B is negative. (a) If your system includes both the proton
Four objects are moved in various ways in the electrostatic field of Figure P25.19. Rank the following motions in order of the amount of electrostatic work done on the object, smallest amount first:
Points A, B, C, and D are at the corners of a square area in an electric field, with \(\mathrm{B}\) adjacent to \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) diagonally across from \(A\). The potential
Can equipotential lines ever cross?
Can you draw an equipotential surface through a position where the electric field vanishes?
Describe the equipotential surfaces associated with an infinitely long charged wire that has a uniform linear charge density.
Sketch some equipotential lines for the electric field line pattern of an electric dipole.
Sketch some electric field lines and equipotential lines associated with two identical charged particles spaced horizontally.
Some equipotential lines surrounding a negatively charged object are shown in Figure P25.26, where the potential difference between any two adjacent lines is the same. (a) In which region is the
You determine that it takes no (net) electrostatic work to move a charged object from point A to point B along a particular path. (a) Can you conclude that A and B are on the same equipotential
Figure P25.28 shows that the spacing between equipotential surfaces surrounding a charged particle increases with radial distance \(r\) away from the particle. (a) How would the potential have to
Particle A carrying a charge of \(3.0 \mathrm{nC}\) is at the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system.(a) What is the electrostatic potential (relative to zero potential at infinity) at a position
A particle carrying a charge of \(6.0 \mathrm{nC}\) is released from rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude \(2.0 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\). What are \((a)\) the electrostatic
Particles A, B, C, and D in Figure P25.31 each carry a charge of magnitude \(3.0 \mathrm{nC}\). Calculate the electric potential energy for the charge distribution in this \(3.0-\mathrm{m}\) square
Particles A and B, each carrying a charge of \(2.0 \mathrm{nC}\), are at the base corners of an equilateral triangle \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) on a side. (a) What is the potential (relative to zero at
Six particles, each carrying a charge of \(3.0 \mathrm{nC}\), are equally spaced along the equator of a sphere that has a radius of \(0.60 \mathrm{~m}\) and has its center at the origin of a
An electron and a proton are held on an \(x\) axis, with the electron at \(x=+1.000 \mathrm{~m}\) and the proton at \(x=\) \(-1.000 \mathrm{~m}\).(a) How much work is required to bring an additional
Four objects, each carrying a charge of magnitude \(q\), are placed at the corners of a square measuring \(d\) on each side. Two of the objects are positively charged, and two are negatively charged,
Show that the units of electric field, newtons per coulomb, are equivalent to the units volts per meter.
Four possible paths for a positively charged object traveling from a \(2-\mathrm{V}\) equipotential to a \(3-\mathrm{V}\) equipotential are shown in Figure P25.37. Rank the paths in order of the
Four particles, cach carrying a charge of magnitude \(3.0 \mathrm{nC}\), are at the corners of a square that has a side length of \(3.0 \mathrm{~m}\). For zero potential set at infinity, calculate
A particle carrying charge \(+9.00 \mathrm{nC}\) is at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system. Taking the electrostatic potential to be zero at infinity, locate the equipotential surfaces at
A particle carrying charge \(+q\) is located on the \(x\) axis at \(x=+d\). A particle carrying charge \(-3 q\) is located on the \(x\) axis at \(x=-7 d\). (a) With zero potential at infinity, at
In a rectangular coordinate system, a positively charged infinite sheet on which the surface charge density is \(+2.5 \mu \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) lies in the \(y z\) plane that intersects the
Figure P25.44 shows three configurations of charged particles. All the particles are the same distance from the origin. Rank the configurations in terms of \((a)\) the electrostatic potentials at the
Two parallel conducting plates carry equal and opposite charges. The plates are large relative to their separation distance, so we can assume the electric field between them is uniform. The potential
Particle 1 carrying charge \(+q_{1}\) is placed on the \(x\) axis at \(x=-d\). Particle 2 carrying some unknown charge \(q_{2}\) is placed somewhere on the \(x\) axis. The potential energy associated
Two charged particles are placed near the origin of an \(x y z\) coordinate system. Particle 1 carries charge \(+q\) and is on the \(x\) axis at \(x=+d\). Particle 2 carries an unknown charge and is
A thin disk of radius \(R=62.5 \mathrm{~mm}\) has uniform surface charge density \(\sigma=7.5 \mathrm{nC} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\). Calculate the potential on the axis of the disk at distances(a) 5.0 mm(b)
Charge \(q=+10 \mathrm{nC}\) is uniformly distributed on a spherical shell that has a radius of \(120 \mathrm{~mm}\). (a) What are the magnitude and direction of the electric field just outside and
A very long positively charged wire on which the linear charge density \(\lambda\) is \(150 \mathrm{nC} / \mathrm{m}\) lies on the \(z\) axis of a rectangular coordinate system. Calculate the
A particle carrying charge \(+q\) is placed at the center of a thick-walled conducting shell that has inner radius \(R\) and outer radius \(2 R\) and carries charge \(-4 q\). A thinwalled conducting
Four uniformly charged nonconducting rods, each of length \(\ell\) and carrying charge \(+q\), are arranged into a square of side length \(\ell\). At the center of the square, what are \((a)\) the
Figure P25.54 shows three charge distributions. In A, a particle carrying a charge \(+q\) is located a distance \(R\) from the origin. In B, \(+q\) charge is spread uniformly over a semicircle of
A particle carrying charge \(q_{\mathrm{p}}=+10 \mathrm{nC}\) is located at \(y_{\mathrm{p}}=0.030 \mathrm{~m}\) on the \(y\) axis of an \(x y\) coordinate system. A nonconducting rod of length
A disk of radius \(R\) has positive charge uniformly distributed over an inner circular region of radius \(a\) and negative charge uniformly distributed over the outer annular (ring-shaped) region
The surface charge density on a nonconducting disk of radius \(R\) varies with the radius as \(\sigma(r)=c r\), where \(c\) is a positive constant \((c>0)\). Derive an expression for the
A very long, solid, positively charged cylinder has a radius \(R\) and is made of a nonconducting material. The nonuniform volume charge density is given by \(ho=+a r\), where \(r\) is the radial
The electrostatic potential in some region of space is given by \(V(x)=A+B x\), where \(V\) is in volts, \(x\) is in meters, and \(A\) and \(B\) are positive constants. Determine the magnitude of the
The electrostatic potential in a particular \(x y\) coordinate system is given by \(V(x, y)=3 x y-5 y^{2}\). Obtain the expression for the electric field.
A particle carrying \(+3.00 \mathrm{nC}\) of positive charge is at the origin of an \(x y\) coordinate system. Take \(V(\infty)\) to be zero for these calculations. (a) Calculate the potential \(V\)
Two particles, each carrying positive charge \(q\), are on the \(y\) axis, one at \(y=+a\) and the other at \(y=-a\). (a) Calculate the potential for any point on the \(x\) axis. (b) Use your result
Figure P25.63 shows a two-dimensional slice through a set of equipotential surfaces.(a) At which of the locations marked A, B, C, and D is the magnitude of the electric field greatest? \((b)\) Is
A particle carrying \(3.00 \mathrm{nC}\) of positive charge is at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system, and a particle carrying \(3.00 \mathrm{nC}\) of negative charge is on the \(x\) axis
A ring of radius \(a\) carrying a uniformly distributed positive charge \(q\) is located in the \(y z\) plane of a rectangular coordinate system, with the center of the ring at the origin. (a) Sketch
Consider a spherically symmetrical distribution of charged particles. The magnitude of charge for the distribution is \(q\), and the radius of the distribution is \(R\). The electrostatic potential
An electron travels from point \(A\) to point \(B\) in an electrostatic field and gains kinetic energy. (a) Is the electrostatic work done on the electron positive, negative, or zero? (b) Is the
A proton travels from point \(A\) to point \(B\) in an electrostatic field and gains kinetic energy. (a) Is the electrostatic work done on the proton positive, negative, or zero? (b) Is the potential
Calculate \(E_{x}\) for each potential: (a) \(V(x)=a+b x\), \(a=4000 \mathrm{~V}, b=6000 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\). (b) \(V(x)=a x+b / x\), \(a=1500 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}, b=2000 \mathrm{~V}
Consider an isolated, uniformly charged spherical shell of radius \(R\) carrying positive charge \(q\). Point \(\mathrm{A}\) is on the shell, point \(B\) is a distance \(2 R\) from the center, point
You are sketching equipotentials for a positively charged particle, having defined \(V=0\) at infinity. If you draw the \(5.0-\mathrm{V}\) equipotential as a circle with a radius of \(50
A uniformly charged rod of length \(\ell\) and charge \(+q\) lies on the \(x\) axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, extending from the origin to \(x=-\ell\). What is the electric potential due to
A solid sphere of radius \(R\) is concentric with a spherical shell that carries charge \(+q_{\text {shell }}\) and has an inner radius of \(2 R\) and outer radius of \(3 R\). If the electrostatic
You really like your new job at the atomic physics lab. Your boss casually mentions that the electron in a helium ion \(\left(\mathrm{He}^{+}\right)\)emits energy in the form of radiation as it jumps
You have always wondered exactly how strong is the interaction called the strong nuclear interaction, and you suspect that an element like uranium could make a good test case. You begin to wonder if
Two charged objects 1 and 2 are held a distance \(r\) apart. Object 1 has mass \(m\) and charge \(+2 q\), and object 2 has mass \(2 m\) and charge \(+q\). The objects are released from rest. Assume
What is the magnitude of the gravitational field that Earth feels due to the Sun?
Determine the magnitude of Earth's gravitational field for \((a)\) a 70. 0-kg person standing at Earth's surface, \((b)\) a \(700.0-\mathrm{kg}\) satellite in orbit \(150 \mathrm{~km}\) above Earth's
Sketch the gravitational field at 15 positions uniformly distributed along the comet orbit in Figure P23.3.Data from Figure P23.3
Suppose there is an electric field pointing horizontally toward the east at some location near Earth's surface. Does it make sense to add the gravitational and electric fields to determine the
The units of the gravitational field are those of acceleration. Is that true of the electric field as well? If not, why not?
Two electrons initially repel each other with an electric force of magnitude \(2.5 \times 10^{-20} \mathrm{~N}\). What is the magnitude of the electric field at one electron due to the other?
The dwarf planet Pluto and its moon Charon have very similar masses. Suppose the masses are equal, and draw a gravitational field diagram for this system of two source objects.
Draw two vector field diagrams, one for a particle carrying charge \(+q\) and located at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system and one for a particle carrying charge \(-2 q\) and located at
The two Ping-Pong balls in Figure P23.9 carry charges that have the same magnitude but opposite signs. Sketch the vectors that represent the electric fields the balls produce at locations A, B, C, D,
Positive charge is distributed uniformly on a plastic rod bent to form a quarter-circular arc (Figure P23.10). What is the direction of the electric field at the center of the circle?Data from Figure
Repeat Problem 9 for the case where the positive charge in Figure P23.9 remains \(+q\) but the negative charge is changed to \(-2 q\).Data from Problem 9The two Ping-Pong balls in Figure P23.9 carry
The two particles in Figure P23.12 carry identical charges. Sketch the vectors that represent the electric fields the particles produce at locations A, B, and C, which all lie in the plane that is
Charged beads are placed at the corners of a square in the various configurations shown in Figure P23.13. Each red bead carries a charge \(+q\), and the blue bead carries a charge \(-q\). Rank the
The charge on a nonconducting rod increases linearly from end \(\mathrm{A}\) to end \(\mathrm{B}\). The rod is bent in a circle so that ends A and B almost meet very near the top of the circle
Qualitatively, how uniform is the gravitational field inside the room in which you are sitting?
A positively charged test particle is placed midway between two fixed, identical positively charged source particles. (a) Is the test particle in a stable or unstable equilibrium at that location?
A box full of charged plastic balls sits on a table. The electric force exerted on a ball near one upper corner of the box has components \(1.2 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~N}\) directed north, \(5.7
An electron traveling horizontally east passes between two horizontal, oppositely charged plates and is deflected downward. Passing through the same space between the plates, in which direction (if
A \(30,0-\mathrm{mg}\) oil drop carrying a charge of \(+3.5 \mu \mathrm{C}\) passes undeflected through a region in which there is a uniform, constant electric field. What are the magnitude and
Each dipole in Figure P23.20 is free to rotate about an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of the page (represented by the dot in the center of each dipole). The dipoles are initially held fixed
Suppose two plates lie in parallel horizontal planes, one plate in the \(x y\) plane at \(z=0\) and the other plate in the plane that is parallel to the \(x y\) plane at \(z=10 \mathrm{~mm}\).
Two uniformly charged pellets A and B are held some distance from each other, and then the charge on \(\mathrm{A}\) is doubled. Which of the following statements is most correct? (a) The magnitude of
What is the magnitude of the electric field \(200 \mathrm{~mm}\) away from a particle carrying \(3.0 \mu \mathrm{C}\) of charge?
A small, charged, spherical object at the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system contains \(3.30 \times 10^{4}\) more electrons than protons. What are the magnitude and direction of the electric
Two protons A and B are separated by a distance \(d=9.00 \mu \mathrm{m}\). What are the magnitude and direction of the electric field along the line connecting the protons (a) halfway between them
A positively charged particle initially at rest on the ground accelerates upward to \(100 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) in \(2.00 \mathrm{~s}\). If the particle has a charge-to-mass ratio of \(0.100

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