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statistics
elementary statistics in social research

Questions and Answers of Elementary Statistics In Social Research

How does gender and occupational prestige impact credibility? Graduate students in a public health program are asked to rate the strength of a paper concerning the health risks of childhood obesity.
A clinical researcher wants to determine if antidepressants should be used in conjunction with therapy to address post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among returning veterans. She designs an
A researcher who spends several months working at a fast-food restaurant to understand what it is like to work in the service industry engages in what type of research?a. Experimental researchb.
The following is a cross-tabulation of whether respondents rent or own their home by social class for a sample of 240 heads of households:a. Which is the independent variable and which is the
The information about levels of measurement for variables in the General Social Survey is best identified usinga. The codebook.b. A frequency distribution.c. The GSS website.d. All of the above work
What is the highest year of school completed by the mothers of respondents in the General Social Survey? Using the GSS data, analyze mothers’ education (MAEDUC). What is the level of measurement
Using the General Social Survey, find the mode, median and mean for the number of siblings of people in the United States (SIBS).
A researcher looks at the unemployment rates for a number of census tracts within a city. The results are as follows:Calculate (a) the mode, (b) the median, and (c) the mean. 5.6 6.8 12.4 2.3 4.1
A school district tallied the number of students in each of its nine elementary schools. The schools enrolled the following number of students:Calculate the (a) median and (b) mean. 486 792 352 425
A professor surveyed his statistics students about ho many hours they had spent on their work outside of class during the past week. The students gave the following answers:Calculate (a) the
The scores of attitudes toward older people for 30 students were arranged in the following simple frequency distribution (higher scores indicate more favorable attitudes toward older people):Find (a)
The following frequency distribution contains the social class of 46 people who voted Republican in a recent election.Given the level at which social class was measured (nominal, ordinal, or
A particular company that produced Christmas toys organized its factory workers into four different groups to compare the productivity of four different manufacturing protocols. As shown in what
In problem 27 in chapter 3, you found the mode, median, and mean for the following data. A researcher had asked a set of 40 employees at a small company who had taken sick leave how many days in the
Find the variance and standard deviation for the following frequency distribution of attitudes toward Internet censorship held by 40 high school teachers (seven-point scale; higher score indicates
A sociologist is interested in how often Americans watch the late (10 pm or 11 pm) news broadcast. Equipping the television sets in a random sample of 100 homes with electronic monitoring devices,
A probability distribution is based ona. Actual observations.b. Probability theory.c. The addition rule.d. The multiplication rule.
A university determines that 74% of its students prefer small seminar classes over large lectures. What is the probability that a particular student supports having large lectures?
In one roll of a standard six-sided die containing numbers 1–6, what is the probability of rollinga. A two?b. A three or a four?c. An odd number?d. Any number but a five?
The equation P = .33 for obtaining an income between $40,000 and $50,000 representsa. A percentage.b. A probability expressed as a proportion.c. A frequency of occurrence.d. A z score.
Suppose that 16% of inmates in state prisons have psychiatric illnesses. What is the probability thata. A particular prisoner does not suffer from a psychiatric illness?b. That three prisoners do not
Research has shown that nearly 25% of homeless adults are veterans. What is the probability of selectinga. A particular homeless person who is not a veteran?b. Two random homeless people who are both
Suppose that 20% of men (P = .20) and 15% of women (P = .15) are carriers of a particular genetic trait. This trait can only be inherited by a child if both parents are carriers. What is the
A student taking a midterm exam in ancient history comes to two questions pertaining to a class that he missed, and so he decides to take a random guess on both questions. One of the questions is
Suppose that you purchase a lottery ticket that contains two numbers (each between 0 and 9) and a letter, such as3 7 Pa. What is the probability that you match the first digit?b. What is the
A particular community wants to address the problem of racial conflict in the local high school. The mayor decides to set up a three-person commission of residents to advise him. To be completely
A social researcher who joins a group of skinheads in order to study their recruiting tactics employs the method of research known asa. The experiment.b. Meta-analysis.c. Content analysis.d.
Identify the level of measurement—nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio—for each of the following variables from the General Social Survey:a. SEXEDUCb. TVHOURSc. RELIGd. NEWS
Identify the level of measurement—nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio—for each of the following variables from the General Social Survey:a. PRES08b. POLVIEWSc. SEXd. MARITAL
A psychologist divides subjects in a research study into groups where they receive either a placebo or an experimental medication. What type of research is this?a. Experimental researchb. Content
Identify the level of measurement—nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio—for each of the following variables from the General Social Survey:a. JOBSATb. INCOME06c. INCOM16d. PRESTG80
A sociologist is interested in how domestic violence is reported in the media, and analyzes news articles from a large city over the course of a year. What type of research is this?a. Experimental
The method of research used originally to conduct the General Social Survey is known asa. The experiment.b. The survey.c. Content analysis.d. Meta-analysise. Secondary analysis.
Someone who ranks a list of cities from slowest to fastest pace of life is operating at the ___________ level of measurement.a. Nominalb. Ordinalc. Interval
The method of research you will use when you personally analyze the General SocialSurvey is known asa. The experiment.b. The survey.c. Content analysis.d. Meta-analysise. Secondary analysis.
A social researcher ranks industries based on how much they contribute to a country’s gross domestic product. What level of measurement is this considered?a. Nominalb. Ordinalc. Interval
A sociologist collects information from high school teachers about their job satisfaction.For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement—nominal, ordinal, or interval:a. What
A political scientist asks a series of questions to gauge how politically active individuals are. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement—nominal, ordinal, or interval:a.
The statistical approach involved in generalizing from a sample of 25 patients to an entire population of the hundreds of patients in a particular hospital is known asa. Description.b. Decision
A sociologist undertakes a series of studies to investigate various aspects of sports violence. For each of the following research situations, identify the research strategy (experiment, survey,
A political scientist undertakes a series of studies to find out more about the voting population in her local town. For each of the following research situations, identify the research strategy
A researcher who ranks a list of countries according to how much they have depleted their natural resources is working at the ________ level of measurement.a. Nominalb. Ordinalc. Interval
To understand better the lives of homeless people, a researcher decides to live on the streets for one week disguised as a homeless person. Which of the following would describe this research
A social psychologist is interested in studying how people experience grief. For each of the following situations, identify the research strategy (experiment, survey, content analysis, or participant
From the General Social Survey data, find the valid percentage of respondents in 2010 who favored the death penalty for murder (CAPPUN). Next, find the percentage of respondents who said that they
Frequency distributions can be used toa. Compare gender differences in violent criminal behavior.b. Display the grades on a midterm examination for all students in a sociology course.c. Compare
Use the General Social Survey data to find the valid percentage of Americans who said that they were very satisfied with their job or housework (SATJOB). Next, find the cumulative percentage of
Which of the following is not used to make comparisons between distributions when their total frequencies differ?a. Proportionsb. Ratesc. Ratiosd. Class limits
The Federal Bureau of Investigation collects information about Crime in the United States and publishes it on an annual basis. Use SPSS to produce a line chart for the violent crime rate in the
From the General Social Survey, generate a bar graph for the number of nights per month that Americans visit with friends (SOCFRND). Be sure to provide a title, source, and show percentages on the
Which of the following is employed when comparing a score on a final examination against the entire distribution of grades in a class?a. Midpointb. Class intervalc. Class limitsd. Percentiles
A researcher collects information from a random sample of consumers of different social classes about whether they had purchased a new car within the past year.a. Are there independent and dependent
Use the General Social Survey to make a pie chart about respondents’ self-reported happiness of marriage (HAPMAR). Be sure to provide a title, source, and show percentages on the pie chart.
By definition, class intervals contain more than onea. Score value.b. Score.c. Respondent.d. Category.
As part of a public health survey, a random sample of college students were asked about their weekly drinking habits. The following results were obtained:a. Are there independent and dependent
A researcher collects information from emergency room staff members about whether they have ever been assaulted by a patient or a patient’s family member while at work.a. Are there independent and
The peakedness of a distribution of scores is also known asa. Kurtosis.b. Skewness.c. Midpoint.d. Mean.
A frequency distribution of the number of defendants sentenced to death in each of the 50 states during 2001 would be depicted best in the form of aa. Histogram.b. Bar graph.c. Frequency polygon.d.
The direction of skewness is determined by the relative position of thea. Peak of the distribution.b. Midpoint of the distribution.c. Tail of the distribution.d. Class limits of the distribution.
To show changes in birth rate from 1980 to the present, by year, a researcher would probably use aa. Pie chart.b. Bar graph.c. Line chart.d. Frequency polygon.
Use a pie chart to depict the following information about college majors of students in a statistics class. Major Social work Criminal justice Political science Sociology f 12 9 6 24 % 24 17 12 47
On graph paper, draw both a histogram and a frequency polygon to illustrate the following distribution of IQ scores: Class Interval 130-144 115-129 100-114 f 3 11 37 Class
In a group of 125 males and 80 females, what is the gender ratio (number of males per 100 females)?
The distribution of Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) scores for 38 high school seniors who graduated in the top third of their class is as follows:a. For each class interval, find the size, midpoint,
In a group of 15 black children and 20 white children, what is the ratio of blacks to whites?
Using a blank map of the United States, show the unemployment rates from Table 2.10 with the following key: Table 2.10(a) Shade in states with unemployment rates of 6.0 and over;(b) Draw right
If 300 live births occur among 3,500 women of childbearing age, what is the birth rate (per 1,000 women of childbearing age)?
What is the rate of change for a population increase from 15,000 in 1960 to 25,000 in 2000?
What is the rate of change for a tax increase from $32 billion per year to $37 billion per year?
A researcher asked a group of patients with mental illnesses to describe their current levels of stress on a scale of 0 to 10 with 10 being the most stressed. The patients provided the following
From the General Social Survey, find out the average number of hours per day of television that people watch. Find the mode, median, and mean for hours of television per day (TVHOURS). Hint: Open the
How often during the past year did people in the United States have sex? Use the General Social Survey to find the median and mode for peoples’ reports about sex during the pastyear (SEXFREQ).
How much money does an American family make in constant dollars (the constant refers to “year 2000” dollars)? Income is estimated using information from the General Social Survey and then
The simple frequency distribution below shows the scores from 40 people who were asked to rate on a scale from 1 to 7 their attitudes toward stem cell research (with 1 being the most favorable
A team of psychologists studying narcolepsy (a sleep disorder characterized by sudden nodding off during the day) decided to follow 20 narcoleptic volunteers throughout the course of one day and
The scores on a religiosity scale (higher scores indicate greater commitment to religious expression) were obtained for 46 adults. For the following simple frequency distribution, calculate (a) the
The following frequency distribution contains the educational levels attained by the 39 office personnel of a small company:Given the level at which educational level was measured (nominal, ordinal,
Using information from the General Social Survey, examine the dispersion of the number of brothers and sisters of Americans (SIBS). Hint: Open the STATISTICS option within the FREQUENCIES procedure
A measure of how scores scatter around the center of a distribution isa. Variance.b. Standard deviation.c. Range.d. All of the above
In Chapter 3, you were asked to find the mode, median, and mean for hours of television per day watched by Americans. Now, find the range, standard deviation, and variance for hours per day of
Which of the following statements is most true about the relative size of measures of variability?a. The standard deviation is usually larger than the variance.b. The variance is usually larger than
The greater the variability around the mean of a distribution, the larger thea. Range.b. Inter-quartile range.c. Variance.d. All of the above
From the General Social Survey, which measures of central tendency and variability are most appropriate for attitudes toward spanking to discipline children (SPANKING)?
Which measures of central tendency and variability are most appropriate for an analysis of respondent’s income (RINCOM06)? Analyze the General Social Survey to calculate this information.
Analyze a variable of your choice where you find the most appropriate measures of central tendency and variability.
How many standard deviations tend to cover the entire range of scores in a distribution?a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
The mean of the squared deviations from the mean is known as thea. Variance.b. Median.c. Normal range.d. Inter-quartile range.
A group of 12 students provided feedback to their professor on course evaluations about the quality of the course, as measured on a scale from 0 (poor) to 10 (excellent). The responses were as
A researcher is interested in the amount of time lost due to injuries that occur at work. She surveyed a group of workmen’s compensation beneficiaries, asking them how many weeks they were unable
Two students in a math class compared their scores on a series of five quizzes: Considering the concepts of both central tendency and variability, find (a) which student tended to perform better on
On a scale designed to measure attitude toward immigration, two college classes scored as follows:Compare the variability of attitudes toward immigration among the members of the two classes by
Find the standard deviation for the following frequency distribution of the hours of television watched on one Saturday night by a sample of 18 junior high boys: X 5 4 3 2 1 f 35 16228 N = 18
A researcher interested in the use of public parks asked residents of a neighborhood how often per month they typically visit a park in proximity to their homes. The residents provided the following
Find the variance and the standard deviation for the following frequency distribution of ages of 35 juvenile offenders tried and sentenced in adult criminal courts:
Find the variance and standard deviation for the following frequency distribution of hours studied during a particular week by the 40 students in a statistics course:
A simple graph used for visualizing distributions that describes the mean, the median, and the range of a distribution is known as aa. Line graph.b. Box plot.c. Pie graph.d. Histogram.
Find the variance and standard deviation for the following frequency distribution of attitudes toward capital punishment held by 25 college students (seven-point scale; higher score indicates more
Find the (a) variance and (b) standard deviation for the following simple frequency distribution collected from 78 college students as to the number of their friends, from 1 to 6, who have been
For the following grouped frequency distribution of occupational prestige scores for a group 50 workers, calculate the mean and standard deviation. Class
Education is an important issue. Using the General Social Survey, find the mean and standard deviation for the highest year of school completed (EDUC).a. Using this mean and standard deviation, what

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