Organizational Behaviour People Process Work And Human Resource Management 1st Edition Stephen J Perkins, Raisa Arvinen-Muondo - Solutions

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University teachers are advised not to develop intimate relationships with students. If they do develop a consensual relationship, the university teacher is asked to declare that a relationship has developed and to ask that another member of staff assess the student’s work. Is this what you
Clegg et al. (2011) argue that there has been a clear shift away from motivation theory’s original objective which was first and foremost about the psychological well-being and esteem of individuals.Now much of motivation is about ensuring that people behave in the organization’s best interest
The following case study focuses on a company that tried to improve motivation.A loan company called Purple Loans (part of the GE Capital group of finance brokers) invested in Special Air Service (SAS) military-style training to improve the motivation of staff, even using hostage rescue situations.
It can be argued that people have greater needs than self-actualization and greater management problems, including providing for those without food or clean water. What would be on your hierarchy of needs?
Watson (2002) argues that students only ‘surface learn’, so that motivation is linked with Maslow. This approach is typified in the phrase: ‘Motivation, that’s Maslow, isn’t it?’Is he right? Look at Watson’s (1996; 2002; 2004) argument and evaluate for yourself the usefulness of
Martina Horner (1972) concluded that there was a high, and perhaps increasing, incidence of the motive to avoid success found in women. The predominant message was that highly competent women, when faced with conflict between their feminine image and expressing their competencies, adjust their
Read the list of principles that comprises McGregor’s Theory X. Are these your assumptions about work?
‘The pathway to company profit is also the pathway to self-actualization’ (Rose, 1996). Discuss.
Overvold (1987) argues that harmony disvalues autonomy for the individual, discourages any critical stance towards organizational goals, and invites the kind of exploitation that excessive obedience permits. Is he right?
‘Motivation theory leads us into addiction because it constructs work as a compulsion, and this renders us vulnerable to work addiction’ (Boje and Rosile, 2006: 79). Do you agree?
Keith Grint (2005b) argues that we need to learn how to lead without authority. He also says that seeing leaders as ‘gifted’, ‘charismatic’, or ‘inspirational’ promotes the assumption that the role of followers is to comply with the demands of the leader—that is, not to be
Tourish and Pinnington (2002) draw on the similarities between the components of transformational leadership and the characteristics of leadership found in cults. How do they do this? To what effect?
Mary Parker Follett has been hailed as the ‘prophet of management’ and has recently received much attention (Graham, 1996). She is considered to be ahead of her time in her thinking about the nature of organizing (Wheelock and Callahan, 2006). She was writing at the turn of the twentieth
A frightening irony is that those who actively seek leadership are perceived as narcissistic and grandiose, wanting it too badly, and those who are emotionally healthy and could be exceptional leaders shrink from publicly exerting their leadership abilities’ (Herman, 2007). Discuss.
Sir Alex Ferguson has been teaching at Harvard Business School. His leadership technique has been described as ‘largely based on the application of fear’ (White, 2012). He is well known for his ferocity (e.g. kicking a football boot that gashed David Beckham’s eyebrow in 2003) and for quotes
Women are advised in books about women and leadership to maintain their sense of humour. This can be demonstrated in one-liners such as ‘Better to be big in the backside than have bullshit for brains’, which is the retort attributed to a female Australian government minister after a male
Alice Eagly (2008) argues that some women who have risen to high places (Margaret Thatcher was a good example) may have had to emulate men and in fact ‘overachieve’—that is, be more extreme—to gain legitimacy as a leader. She notes that leaders such as Golda Meir and Indira Gandhi adopted
Teams, companies, and universities buy in ‘star’ players in an attempt to boost performance. Yet research on highly paid ‘stars’ typically brings about a sense of inequity and unfairness within the team that compromises group cohesion and effectiveness (Hollander, 1995). The disparity in
Is it time to stop talking about gender differences between men and women in leadership? (See Epstein, 1991; Eagly and Carli, 2007.)
Why do you think that men continue to have far more access to elite leadership positions than do women?
The ‘new psychology’ of leadership (Haslam et al., 2011) argues that leadership emerges from a relationship between leaders and followers who are bound together by their understanding that they are members of the same group. The primary task of leadership then is to promote and embed a shared
Lord Kitchener is best known for the famous First World War recruitment posters bearing his heavily mustachioed face and pointing hand over the legend ‘Your country needs YOU’. Kitchener organized armies on an unprecedented scale and became a symbol of the national will to win.Would your
A size zero body (a UK size 4) is perceived by many as desirable and ideal (Grabe et al., 2008). Yet the ubiquitous portrayals of size zero models by the fashion industry and media organizations have a negative impact on how women and adolescent girls evaluate themselves (Dittmar and Howard, 2004).
Companies test for competencies (that is, attributes that they perceive are valuable in employees) in both the recruitment and appraisal processes. What are these competencies?Do organizations differ in the competencies that they perceive as valuable? What place does moral competency appear to have?
Brian May was lead guitarist and vocalist with the rock group Queen. He has a PhD in astrophysics, and does not drink or smoke.Teri Hatcher, who plays Susan Mayer in Desperate Housewives and played ‘Bond girl’ Paris Carver in Tomorrow Never Dies, was an undergraduate on a mathematics and
Does how you see yourself impact on how you subsequently perform? For example, if you see yourself as a capable, knowledgeable student, does this impact on exam or essay performance?
What is your stereotype of a person who falls victim to drink spiking in pubs? Is it an 18-year-old ‘Essex girl’, wearing high heels and a short skirt, and out with her friends? The statistics challenge such a stereotype and show that women aged 30–50 are most at risk (Roofie Foundation,
Sir Patrick Moore, ex-presenter of the TV programme The Sky at Night, perceived that the BBC is worse than it used to be because it is ‘run by women’ (Sky News, 18 May 2007). What evidence can you find to support or refute his perception?
Social desirability, or presenting yourself in the best possible light, is thought to be best measured by statements such as ‘I am always happy to help someone, however inconvenient’, or ‘As a child, I always did as I was told to do’, or ‘I have no undesirable habits or vices’. If you
In the following case, we see how a personality can be seen and described quite differently: as both a model leader and as a narcissist.In the 1980s, Jan Carlzon, CEO of the Scandinavian airline SAS, was described by Tom Peters as a model leader. By 2004, he was described by Maccoby (2004) as a
Given what you now know about personality testing, what best advice would you offer to someone recruiting a new manager?
It has been argued that behaviour and personality will change over time. You might imagine that personality will change with personal growth if you believe in self-actualization (at which we looked in Chapter 6). Many people like to think that they change for the better over time (becoming wiser,
What personality traits are being tested for by organizations? Are they screening for authoritarianism, narcissism, or petty tyranny?
Robert Hare has developed a test to detect psychopaths in organizations. Anyone who has more than about a quarter of the following traits could have a problem, while a total of more than three quarters puts the subject into the dangerous category. The personality traits are insincere, arrogant,
Research involving a survey of 2,000 British people by the Learning and Skills Council in 2008 showed that the person whom most would like as their boss is Richard Branson: 51 per cent would like to work for him. Giving credit for great ideas, patience, and a commitment to training were the most
Paul Willis (1977) documented, in his research on schoolboys in the UK’s Midlands, how the official and unofficial learning at school fitted them for the limited kinds of work—mainly manual work—that they would perform when they left. But is it a good thing that these schoolboys were fitted
Bente Elkjaer (2004) writes about the case of a company called Administrative Case Consideration (ACC) a Danish public enterprise employing just under 300 people involved in processing claims for economic compensation. The company launched a project on developing a learning organization, involving
Sambrook and Stewart (2000) have looked at 28 European case studies and a further 20 organizations to understand the factors that affect the level of organizational learning and strategies to support it. What are their main findings? In the light of what you have learned here, how would you
The following story encourages us to think twice about what behaviour modification can achieve.Don Bannister, a psychologist who worked at a psychiatric hospital near Leeds, told me how staff at the hospital had tried to use behaviour modification on psychiatric patients. The patients’ behaviour
Learning organization initiatives are essentially technologies of regulation aimed at facilitating change processes’ (Thompson and McHugh, 2002: 240). Discuss.
The ‘learning organization’ is one that facilitates the learning of all of its members and continuously transforms itself (Pedlar et al., 1991). But how can we test whether a particular organization does so? Are organizations that transform themselves necessarily learning organizations, and
How do managers learn about management?
Our culture and socialization dictates that ‘boys don’t cry’, but that it is acceptable for girls to weep. Research has found that, before the age of 12, boys and girls cry as frequently as each other, but that after they reach that age, boys cry four times less than girls. Boys are
Some management theorists have argued that corporations have souls (Frank, 2001), using the term to signify corporations that promote belief through culture, values, and the actions of leaders. They define soul as what the organization ‘most deeply is’, an inner intangible resource. Wal-Mart is
Ogbonna and Harris (2014) take the case of an English premier league football club to illustrate how, despite an attempt by executives to transform the culture, the planned actions were impeded by strong forces perpetuating the culture. The football club’s espoused values and beliefs were
Goffman (1961) gives us a detailed account of life in asylums. What insight can we gain from this work to help us to understand the working and culture of organizations such as universities?
In an interview with a manager in a declining industry, the manager talked of his fear that so many individuals would be made redundant that the organization would become ‘anorexic’—that is, too thin to function when an upturn in business came about. Some academics and management
Hopfl (1995) draws an analogy between acting and customer service. Read her paper and critically assess the similarities.
Timpsons is a UK family owned and run company offering a retail service, including shoe repairs and key cutting. Here is how they describe themselves: ‘Our colleagues are the heart and soul of our company and everyone is considered to be part of the Timpson family. We know that when our
What evidence is there to suggest that the culture within police forces is discriminatory? (See Fielding, 1994; Brown, 1998; Sharpe, 1998; you may also want to look at newspaper and BBC sources.)
There is an abundance of contradictions to be found in the culture of organizations. How does Aktouf (1996) describe the contradictions that he found, and what examples have you seen in your own experience?
To establish how autonomous a team is, we might consider the following questions.1. Who selects the team leader?2. Who decides on new members of the team?3. Who decides on the distribution of work within the team?4. How flexibly can the team’s time be used?5. Who accepts additional work for the
Anawati and Craig (2006) researched an organization that had offices around the world, referred to as Global IT Solutions. Telephone conferencing and emails were the main forms of communication used to interact within the teams. The majority (80 per cent) of participants in the research found they
Katzenbach and Smith (1993) talk about the wisdom of teams. How wise are they? What needs and whose needs do they serve?
Professional football players perform their work in teams. Even though they work together in matches, they are rivals in the internal competition for limited places in the team of 11 players that a manager selects from a squad comprising sometimes more than 30 professionals. One player sums up the
Teamworking helps to obscure domination’ (Sennett, 1998). Discuss.
Why would there be resistance to the introduction of teamworking? Whose interests does teamworking serve?
How much research evidence is there to support a very positive view? Should we be wary of the ‘tyranny’ of teams (Sinclair, 1992; Barker, 1993)? How much support is there for this rather negative view?
When you read about Weber’s terms ‘the slave’, ‘the vassal’, and ‘the official’, what gender did you envisage them being? Bologh (1990: xiv) argues that Weber is describing a world of men who struggle for power—that is, men who strive to dominate their world and give meaning to, and
Churches, like other organizations, make choices about how they organize and structure themselves.The Church of Scotland has a relatively flat organizational structure and no hierarchy. It is one of the largest organizations in Scotland, with over 350,000 members and 800 ministers, supported by
Why should management, thinking about rationalization, be seen as a kaleidoscope and not in a linear fashion?
Zygmunt Bauman (1989) showed the importance of bureaucratic organization to the death camps in Nazi Germany. According to Bauman, the genocide was an extreme application of bureaucratic logic, with a system of rules, uniformity, impersonality, and technical efficiency. Bauman argues that the
George Ritzer argues that McDonaldization constrains or eliminates people’s creativity. Discuss.
Can organizations—and, in particular, bureaucracy—be free of all unwanted emotion? Can you, for example, imagine a political party free of all public embarrassment?
Filby (1992) described the everyday life in a betting shop. The management tried to use, and partly succeeded in using, women’s bodies and personalities to promote the product—but the female employees ‘turned the tables’ (Thompson and McHugh, 2002: 144). How did they do this?
Do you agree with the view that men better meet the requirements of the bureaucratic organization?How might you argue against this view?
The following is an example of the original McDonald’s procedure for cooking hamburgers:‘Those grilling the burgers were instructed to put hamburgers down on the grill moving from left to right, creating six rows of six burgers. Because the first two rows are furthest away from the heating
The research findings that show how workers behave in these routinized jobs leave us with a question: does increasing routinization really lead to greater efficiency, or are workers undermining the rules so much that at least some of the greater efficiency is potentially lost?
Burger King has had a slogan, ‘Have it your way’, that implies that the customer’s wish is its command.But what do you think would happen if you were to ask for your burger to be medium rare?
Graduation day can resemble an experience similar to that of a drive-through McDonald’s: the individual has only a moment of personal attention at the ceremony, and finds that he or she is only one in a long list of ‘customers’ for graduation that day.What other features of graduation day
It might be argued that this chapter and Chapter 4 are misleading. Currently, this book leads you to understand that there has been a linear development of management thinking from early theorists, such as Taylor and Babbage, to the present day; Tsoukas and Cummings (1997) present an alternative
CoCre8 is a provider of business improvement and innovative services and solutions including communication and motivation, performance, incentive programmes and events management. Previously an independent small business, the company was acquired in 1999 by a large US group employing more than
What examples can be generated from group reflections on experiences in the workplace, or from stories you’ve heard told by friends and relatives of what managers do? Use these personal experiences and stories to inform discussion to address the question: what’s the main task a business manager
Who are the people managers rely on most in performing their core functions? Why?
What are the ideas discussed in this Introduction with which you are familiar either from prior study, from practice or from publications in the general media?
What would you list as the key components of HRM? What assumptions are necessary to implement policies to address each of the ones you identify?
What would you do to help a manager taking on a new work team in preparing to do this?
What preparations could Smith have made to ensure a more successful outcome?
What questions does the case study raise about managing across diverse cultures?
What advice would you offer a new manager taking up a similar international role?
How do you think John’s request for a job for his wife was perceived by the US manager?
Why do you think the manager reacted as she did?
How do you think John interpreted the manager’s reaction? Why is John feeling confused and betrayed?
Even if there were no available positions, what could the manager have done differently?
What are some of the consequences for the organization of the manager’s lack of cultural understanding?
Are there any differences in the motivation between the employees from developed and developing countries? How and why? Justify your answer in terms of motivation theories and the cross-national variation in work motivation.
Do you think that employees in countries with low social security, such as Pakistan or Afghanistan, may still be motivated intrinsically?
What HRM strategies should MNCs take to motivate employees for the subsidiaries in countries with low social security?
How effective are PM practices in improving individual, team and organizational performance in your organization (or one with which you are familiar)?
James was a team leader of a small group dealing with motor vehicle insurance in a company providing commercial insurance and financial advice. He had been with the company for six years, and three years ago was promoted to team leader, showing a lot of early promise. But James was unhappy with his
Think about how your organization (or one with which you are familiar) manages the performance of employees. Would you describe these practices as commitment- or control-oriented?
Do you agree that managing performance is ‘managing the business’?
Do you think that 360-degree appraisals are a ‘fairer’ way of reviewing individual performance than through manager feedback alone?
On balance, how would you now define ‘effective’ leadership?
The UK’s NHS has been subject to considerable government-driven change in recent years. Many of these changes have involved policy initiatives to ‘modernize’ the NHS and subject it to market disciplines. Foundation Trusts, which came into being under the Labour Governments (1997–2010), give
How much do the leadership theories discussed above reflect predominantly Western views?
EasyJet is a successful budget airline. Its main shareholder is its founder, Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou (Stelios). The European budget airline sector is highly competitive where the market leader, Irish-based Ryanair, consistently delivers lower-cost flights. Actual or potential conflict exists at
What is the HR function’s responsibility with respect to leadership?
In many organizations, trust is often a casualty of change. What can individual leaders do to avoid losing trust during challenging times, or to regain it?
Angola is one of Africa’s largest producers of crude oil, along with Nigeria and thus attracts foreign MNCs to its shores. Angolan government’s policies and practices have historically had a significant impact on the way in which MNCs operate and thus strategically manage their own human assets

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