Questions and Answers of Fundamentals Of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

A gas stream with a flow rate of 1000 mol/min leaves a reactor at T = 450 K and P = 10 bar. For the next step, the temperature of the gas must be reduced to 300 K, but the pressure of the stream
One mole of a gas is compressed at a constant temperature of 400 K from P = 0.1 bar to P = 10 bar. The gas is known to follow the equation of state:where a = 0.025 L/bar2mol. The ideal gas heat
Steam is heated from an initial condition of saturated steam at P = 1.5 bar to a final state of P = 3 bar and T = 3008C. Use the steam tables to find the change infor this process. Â
A gas has CP* = 35 J/mol · K, and follows the equation of state:with a = 0.15 cm3/mol · bar2 · K. Find the change in A when the gas is compressed isothermally from T = 300 K and P = 1 bar to P =
Imagine a compound has TC = 500 K and PC = 20 bar. Use the Peng-Robinson equation throughout this problem.A. Plot P-V at T = 400 K, T = 500 K, and T = 600 K, assuming the compound has ω = 0.B.
Consider the chemical compound: CH3–CHCl–CH = CH–CHF–CH2–CH2OH Estimate the normal boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, and standard enthalpy of formation of the compound
Consider the chemical compound: CH3–CH2–CHCl–CH = CH–CHF–CH2–CH3A. Estimate the critical temperature and critical pressure using the Joback method.B. Estimate the acentric factor of this
A new and relatively unstudied compound is being investigated for its potential use as a refrigerant. The compound has a critical temperature Tc = 500 K and Pc = 30 bar. The vapor pressure at T =
Using data in Appendix C-1, determine the van der Waals parameters a and b for each of the following compounds.Appendix C-1A. MethanolB. Carbon dioxideC. EthanolD. ButaneE. Octane
Using data in Appendix C-1, determine the Soave parameters a and b for each of the following compounds at the temperature T = 300 K.Appendix C-1A. ArgonB. Carbon monoxideC. 1-PropanolD. PentaneE.
Using data in Appendix C-1, determine the Peng-Robinson parameters a and b for each of the following compounds at the temperature T = 100°C.A. EthaneB. AcetoneC. BenzeneD. TolueneE. Decane
Find the molar volume of methane at P = 15 bar and T = 200°C (it is a gas at these conditions), using the following methods.A. The Soave equation of stateB. The Peng-Robinson equation of stateC. The
Find the molar volume of Freon® 22 at P = 5 bar and T = 20°C (it is a vapor at these conditions), using the following methods.A. The Soave equation of stateB. The Peng-Robinson equation of stateC.
Find the molar volume of nitrogen at P = 10 bar and T = 330 K, using the following methods.A. The Soave equation of stateB. The Peng-Robinson equation of stateC. The virial equation of stateD. The
Use the Joback method to estimate Tc and Pc of each of the following compounds.A. ButaneB. 1-HexanolC. 2-chloropentaneD. 3-HexeneE. 1,3-butadiene
Using data from the steam tables, make isotherm plots of P-V for both liquid water and steam at the temperatures T = 100, 200, 300, and 400°C. Then, make plots of P-V , at the same temperatures and
You are a project engineer. You find a tank in your plant salvage yard which has a volume of 50 L. The specs on the tank indicate that it will burst at 30 bar (absolute). Company policy is to never
That problem asked you to estimate the change in molar enthalpy when hydrogen is compressed from T = 300 K and P = 1 bar to T = 700 K and P = 200 bar. At that time, the ideal gas model was the only
A compound has a critical temperature of 900°R, a critical pressure of 30 atm, and an acentric factor of ω = 0.45. Estimate V for this compound in the vapor phase at T = 800°R and P = 5 atm, using
You are designing a process in which toluene is used as a solvent. In order to size process equipment, you need to know the properties at several conditions. Use the Peng Robinson equation to
You are designing a process in which benzene is used as a solvent. In order to size process equipment, you need to know the properties at several conditions. Estimate the following quantites.A. The
Estimate the vapor pressure of ethanol at temperatures of T = 0, 50, 100, and 150°C, using the following methods.A. The Antoine equationB. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation with ΔHvap = 42.0 kJ/mol
Four vapor pressure data points—two representing solid–vapor equilibrium and two representing liquid–vapor equilibrium—are available for a compound:A. Give your best estimate of the triple
This problem involves the same compound that was examined in Problems 6-14 through 6-17, which in the vapor phase was described by the EOS:A. The fugacity in the vapor phase at T = 50°C and P = 0.1
Using the NIST Webbook, if one looks up the molar enthalpy of pure benzene at 308.15 K and 1 bar, the reported value is –6359.6 J/mol. Figure 9-3 has this same property as being equal to 1356.9
You have 100 grams of water at 25°C in a container that holds exactly 200 ml. What mass of methanol do you need to add to the system such that the container is filled without overflowing? See the
You have a tank with a partition in it. On one side of the tank, you load in 112 grams of nitrogen gas (75°C and 3 bar). On the other side you load in 2.5 moles of argon gas at 75°C and 3 bar. You
Consider the density of the mixture 1,2-dicholoro ethane (1) + cholorobenzene (2) at 298.15 K. Use Table P9-26 to answer the following questionsA. Does this mixture behave as an ideal solution? B.
You have a tank with a partition in it. On one side of the tank, you load in 112 grams of nitrogen gas (75°C and 30 bar). On the other side, you load in 2.5 moles of argon gas at 130°C and 20 bar.
Experimental data for the excess molar volume of 1-propanol (1) + 1-hexene (2) system at 298.15 K is provided in Table P9-29. If the pure component densities at 298.15 K are 0.79965 g/cm3 for
Chemical engineers need to find data (either from published papers or through modeling techniques) for the systems they are to analyze. Sometimes it is a challenge to extract the information needed
A Pxy plot means that the pressure is constant. True or False?
What is the system temperature and vapor phase mole fraction for a mixture of benzene (1) + toluene (2) that is 26% by mole benzene in the liquid phase and at a system pressure of 101.3 kPa if the
What two pure component properties are you able to determine from a Pxy plot (or Pxy data table)? Pressure (mmHg) 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 0 0,2 Liquid Vapor 0.4 0.6 Mole
If you have a Txy plot at a given pressure and have a state point at that same pressure, but above the top-most curve, what is the phase of the state point? What do you call that “top-most curve”?
You are part of a team evaluating the separation of a mixture of ethanol (1) + butyl methyl ether (2). This was a project your company explored a few years earlier. In that project, team members
Ten moles per second of an equimolar liquid mixture of water (1) + ethanol (2) at 30°C and 11 kPa is flashed to 7.0 kPa. What is the resulting composition and molar flow rate of the equilibrium
On a Txy plot, where does the single vapor phase exist? Select the correct answer from the choices given. A. Above the dew-point curve B. Below the dew-point curve C. Above the bubble-point
A liquid mixture of R-134a (1) + R-245fa (2) contains 30% by mole R-134a. The mixture is at 6 bar and 293.15 K and is fed at a rate of 10 Mol/s into a steady-state flash distillation unit operating
For a mixture of n-butane (1) + n-pentane (2) at 25°C, what would be the predicted bubble-point pressure using Raoult’s Law if your mixture was 20% n-butane by mole? Would you expect Raoult’s
Estimate the system pressure and vapor-phase com position for a binary mixture (x1 = 0.2) modeled by the 1-parameter Margules equation (A = 0.832) with the following properties: P1sat = 0.1 bar and
You calculate the Wilson equation parameters for the ethanol (1) + 1-propanol (2) system at 25°C and find they are Λ12 = 0.7 and Λ21 = 1.1. Estimate the value of the parameters at 50°C?
Predict the Pxy behavior for a mixture of diethyl ether (1) + methanol (2) at 303.15 K using the Peng Robinson equation of state. Compare the predictions to the experimental data given in Table
Predict the Pxy behavior for a mixture of 1,3-butadiene (1) + n-hexane (2) at 413.15 Kusing the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Compare the predictions to the experimental data given in Table
Predict the Txy behavior for a mixture of acetone (1) + 1-hexene (2) at 101.33 kPa using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Compare the predictions to the experimental data given in Table P12-22.
Predict the Txy behavior for a mixture of ethanol (1) + 1-butanol (2) at 101.33 kPa using the Peng Robinson equation of state Compare the pre dictions to the experimental data given in Table P12-21.
Predict the Txy behavior for a mixture of n-hexane (1) + p-xylene (2) at 101.33 kPa using the Peng Robinson equation of state. Compare the predictions to the experimental data, as given in Table
You work in a developing nation for a large chemical company. Your division works on refrigerants and foam-blowing agents. You have need to correlate a set of data for the trifluoromethane (1) +
Consider the propane (1) + n-butane (2) system at 50°C. Using a gamma-phi modeling approach, predict the Pxy diagram for the system using the van Laar equation and the virial equation. Compare the
Consider the 1,1,1- trifluoroethane [R-143a] (1) + n-butane (2) system at 50°C. Using a gamma-phimodeling approach, calculate the Pxy diagram for the system using the 2-parameter Margules equation
You are interested in predicting the phase behavior of a binary mixture that contains an azeotrope. An accurate prediction of the azeotrope is important since it provides a distillation limit for
An equimolar mixture of methane and propane is discharged from a compressor at 5500 kPa and 90°C at a rate of 1.4 kg/s. If the velocity in the discharge line is not to exceed 30 m/s, what is the
Predict the Pxy behavior for a mixture of pentafluo-roethane [R-125] (1) + isobutane (2) at 30°C using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Compare the predicted values with experimental data given
Predict the Pxy behavior for a mixture of propane (1) + isobutane (2) at 30°C using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Com pare the predicted values with experimental data as given in Table
You need to determine the binary interaction parameter (k12) for the Peng-Robinson equation of state for the tetra fluoromethane + trifluorochlo romethane system at 250 K and 225 K. The literature
The binary interaction parameters for the Peng-Robinson equation of state are reported (Moshfeghian et al., 1992) for the following systems: ∎ Ethane + isobutane: k12 = -0.0102∎
Consider an equimolar n-butane (1) + n-pentane (2) mixture at 125°C and 4 bar. Calculate the fugacity coefficient for n-butane in this mixture in the following ways: A. Assume the system behaves as
You are interested in modeling the vapor-liquid equilibrium of the propane (1) + n-pentane (2) system at 360.93 K. You know that the vapor pressure of propane at this temperature is 36.334 bar while
For an equimolar mixture of n-hexane (1) + benzene (2) at 150°C and 5 bar, estimate the molar volume of the mixture three ways: A. Ideal gas law B. van der Waals equation of state C.
You are part of a team evaluating the separation of a mixture of ethanol (1) + butyl methyl ether (2). This was a project your company explored a few years earlier. In that project, team members
A single vapor–liquid equilibrium point for the water (1) + ethanol (2) system is experimentally measured at 30°C. The experiment provides the following information: x1 = 0.30, y1 = 0.23, and P =
You are a student doing a project where you are evaluating process options in the separation of a propane (1) + n-butane (2) system at 323.15 K. There are choices of equations of state that you can
Benzene (1), toluene (2), and ethylbenzene (3) are by-products of a reaction. One hun dred moles per minute of this liquid mixture is flashed from 200 mm Hg and 50°C to 100 mm Hg. If the mole
For each of the three system types given here at low pressure, identify if the mixture will likely show positive, negative, or no deviations from Raoult’s Law. A. A system that has two n-alkanes
You have 80 moles of trifluoromethane and 20 moles of tetrafluoromethane at 10 bar and 225 K. Using Figure 10-10 and the lever rule, determine the number of moles and concentration of the liquid and
Prove mathematically that Raoult’s Law cannot predict an azeotrope for a binary mixture.
Consider the benzene (1) + m-xylene (2) system at 310.15 K. Using Raoult’s Law, predict the system pressure and vapor-phase composition for this mixture and provide a Pxy plot for this mixture.
Produce the xydiagram for a binary mixture at constant temperature if the ratio of the vapor pressures is: Put both on the same plot. Assume Raoult’s Law holds for this system and set Psat1 = 1
One hundred mol/min of an equimolar mixture of 1-propanol (1) + 2-propanol (2) at 75°C and 200 kPa is sent to flash distillation unit operating at 75°C and 75 kPa. What is the resulting composition
One hundred mol/min of an equimolar mixture of 1-propanol (1) + 2 propanol (2) at 75°C and 200 kPa is sent to flash distillation unit operating at 75°C and 55 kPa. What is the resulting composition
Twenty kmol/hr of an equimolar mixture of n-pentane (1) + 2-propanol (2) at 50°C and 200 kPa is sent to a flash distillation unit operating at 50°C and 75 kPa. Report the following information
A vapor mixture containing 5 moles of benzene and 5 moles of toluene at 0.5 bar and 100°C is isothermally compressed to 1.0 bar. What is the amount and composition of the resulting phase(s)? How
A 50/50 (by mole) n-pentane/n-heptane liquid mixture is flashed at 7.34 psia and 325 K. Analysis of the liquid phase leaving the unit reveals that the flow rate for the liquid is 0.882 mol/s. What is
A liquid mixture of diethyl ketone (1) and n-hexane (2) is fed into a flash distiller operating at 328 K and 0.4 bar. The feed rate is 2.15 mol/s and the feed is 50% (by mol) of the n-hexane. A.
A separation stream off the main reactor effluent contains almost exclusively ethyl benzene, benzene, and toluene at 1 bar and 100°C. You determine that the stream flow rate is made up of 34 kg/s of
We know that many binary mixtures contain an azeotrope, which means that the liquid and vapor phases for the mixture have the same composition. Can a system have two azeotropes for a given pressure
Figure P10-30 is a P-T diagram for the ethene + n-heptane system at 96.9% by mole ethene (Kay, 1948). Please answer the following questions based on this figure. Note that the “•” in the figure
Derive the expression for the natural logarithm of the activity coefficient for component “1” in a bi nary mixture modeled by the 2-parameter Margules equation.
Given an equimolar binary mixture, calculate the activity coefficients for both components from the 1- parameter Margules equation whose parameter value is A = 1.5. What would be the excess molar
Given an equimolar binary mixture, calculate the activity coefficients for both components from the 2-parameter Margules equation whose parameter values are A12 = 0.5 and A21 = 1.5. What would be the
Construct a stoichiometric table that describes the following pair of reactions. where 100 mol/min of NO2 enters a steady-state re actor. Your table should show expressions for the mole fraction y
Consider the pentafluorethane [R-125] (1) + isobutane (2) system at 30°C. Using a gamma-phi modeling approach, calculate the Pxy diagram for the system using the 2-parameter Margules equation and
Propylene (CH3 2CH5CH2 ) can be formed by the gas phase thermal cracking of n-butane:A steady-state reactor (Figure 14-5) is maintained at a constant T = 500 K and a constant P. The feed to the
Example 14-6 considered the formation of propylene via the reaction: Estimate the equilibrium constant of this reaction at A. 298.15 K B. 500 K C. 1000 KExample 14.6 CH+CH +CH, 10 3 6
For the following gas phase reaction, A. Find the equilibrium constant at T = 300°C using the shortcut van’t Hoff approach. B. Find the equilibrium constant at T = 300°C using the rigorous
The following pair of reactions is carried out in a closed system, until equilibrium is attained: (R1): 2NO2 (g) ↔2NO (g) 1O2 (g) (R2): 2NOsgd↔N2 (g) 1O2 (g) The reactor initially contains 10
Model water using the van der Waals equation of state with a = 5.53 × 106 bar · cm6/mol2 and b = 30.48 cm3/mol (The values of the van der Waals a and b were determined using the method illustrated
A compound has a molecular mass of 120 g/mol, and the information in the table below is the only other data available for a compound. Fill in all of the empty cells with your best estimate of the
10 m3 of saturated steam at T = 150°C is mixed with 0.1 m3 of saturated liquid water at T = 150°C. How many total kilograms of H2O does the mixture contain?
A mole of gas in a closed system undergoes a fourstep, cyclic process that returns it to the original state 1. The following table gives some data on the steps of the process. Fill in the blanks
A 1 m3 vessel contains a mixture of saturated liquid water and saturated steam at T = 200°C. If the vessel contains 15 kg in total, find the mass of liquid water and the mass of steam.
Two moles of an ideal gas with CV* = 3R are confined in a piston-cylinder arrangement. The piston is frictionless and the cylinder contains no mechanism for shaft work. Initially, the temperature is
1.5 kg of water is placed in a closed container. The vessel has a frictionless piston that maintains a constant pressure. This water is initially all saturated liquid at 80°C, and is boiled into
Liquid water enters a steady-state heat exchanger with a flow rate of 200 kg/min at 15 MPa and 335°C. It exits the boiler as superheated steam at 15 MPa and 600°C. There is no mechanism for shaft
Steam enters an adiabatic, steady-state turbine at T = 300°C and P = 5 bar. The effluent from the turbine has P = 1 bar, and is a liquid–vapor mixture with q = 0.9.A. Find the difference between H
A swimming pool is 12 feet wide, 30 feet long, and 10 feet deep, and the pool is initially 90% filled with water. A hose is placed in the pool, and water flows into the pool through the hose at a
A 4 m3 storage tank is filled with steam and maintained at a constant T = 250°C. The initial pressure s 20 bar. A valve is opened and 1 kg/min of steam leaves the tank.A. What is the initial mass
Many chemical products are synthesized by biological mechanisms, in which living cells take in “reactants” as food, and emit “products.” A typical fermentation process involves at least two
A liquid enters a steady-state flash chamber with a flow rate of 100 mol/min. One liquid stream and one vapor stream, each at T = 50°C and P = 1 bar, exit. The exiting vapor is an ideal gas with a
Water in a creek is at T = 25°C and is flowing at 2 m/s when it reaches the top of a waterfall. It falls 50 meters into a pool. The velocity leaving the pool is negligible. The creek, waterfall, and

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