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college physics reasoning

Questions and Answers of College Physics Reasoning

Two point charges Q1 = 3.5 µC and Q2 = 7.5 µC are initially very far apart. They are then brought together, with a final separation of 2.5 m. How much work does it take to bring them together?
The nucleus of a helium atom contains two protons. In a simple model of this nucleus, the protons are viewed as point particles separated by 1.0 fm (1.0 × 10-15 m). What is the electric potential
Two particles with Q1 = 45 µC and Q2 = 85 µC are initially separated by a distance of 2.5 m and then brought closer together so that the final separation is 1.5 m. What is the change in the
Two point particles of charge Q1 = 45 µC and Q2 = 85 µC are found to have a potential energy of 40 J. What is the distance between the charges?
A certain amount of charge ± q is placed on the plates of a capacitor, and the plates are then disconnected from the outside world. If the capacitor plates are pulled apart, does the amount of
A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a battery such that a constant electric potential difference is produced between the plates. If the plates are moved farther apart, which of the following
Does a charged capacitor have a different net charge than an uncharged one? If not, explain the difference between a charged capacitor and an uncharged one.
Derive the result for the equivalent capacitance of many capacitors in series in Equation 18.42.
Compared with the applied electric field, is the electric field inside a dielectric material (a) smaller by a factor of k, (b) larger by a factor of k, or (c) larger by a factor of k2? Or, does it
To increase the energy stored in a capacitor, what might you do? Explain your reasoning. More than one answer may be correct.(a) Increase the charge on the capacitor.(b) Insert a dielectric between
Consider the energy density in the electric field at a distance d away from a positive point charge. If the positive point charge is then replaced with a negative point charge of equal magnitude, how
A charged particle reaches a speed v when accelerated through a potential difference of 5 V. How many times faster would it be going if accelerated through a potential difference of 20 V?
Figure Q18.11 shows points on several equipotential surfaces, with VA > VD. (a) A positive test charge starts at point A and moves to point C. If the test charge starts and ends at rest, which of
Many species of fish generate electric fields and use these fields to sense their surroundings. If another entity with a dielectric constant different from that of water comes near the fish, the
Two particles are at locations where the electric potential is the same. Do these particles necessarily have the same electric potential energy? Explain.
A charged particle is released from rest in an electric field, and the electric force is the only force acting on the particle. Will the particle’s trajectory always follow (i.e., be parallel to)
Repeat Question 6 for an electron.Data From Problem 6A particle of positive charge is released from rest and is found to move as a result of an electric force. Does the particle move to a region of
A particle of positive charge is released from rest and is found to move as a result of an electric force. Does the particle move to a region of higher or lower potential energy? Does the particle
Experiments show that in a particular region of space the electric field is uniform (i.e., constant). A separate experiment finds that if an electron is released from rest at the origin, it moves
Make sketches of the equipotential surfaces around (a) A point charge, (b) An infinite line of charge, (c) An infinite plane of charge, (d) A finite line of charge, and (e) A charged plate of finite
Will the electric potential always be zero at any point where the electric field is zero? Why or why not?
Will the electric field always be zero at any point where the electric potential is zero? Why or why not?
If the electric field is zero in a particular region of space, what does that tell you about the electric potential in that region? Is the potential zero, constant, or something else? Explain.
Consider three particles of charge Q, 2Q, and 4Q, where Q = 2.4 C, arranged as shown in Figure P17.98. If a particle of charge q = -1.5 C is placed at the origin,? (a) What are the components of the
Two particles with the same charge are attached to strings that are 80 cm long and that hang from a ceiling as shown in Figure P17.97. If the angle between the strings is ? = 60? and the particles
Eight point particles, each of charge Q, are located on the corners of a cube. What is the direction of the electric force on one of the particles from the others?
A charge of 1.8 nC is placed in the center of three solids of equal volume as shown in Figure P17.95. Calculate the electric flux out of one face of the (a) tetrahedron if the charge is placed at its
Spray it to say it. A particular inkjet printer uses electrostatic forces to direct droplets of ink to create letters, words, and images at a resolution of 300 dots per inch. Figure P17.94 shows a
Consider a beam of protons traveling though a vacuum, where each proton has a velocity of 6.0 × 106 m/s. You need to design a means to change the direction of the proton beam by 90°. Consider the
Repeat part (a) of Problem 91, replacing the electron with a proton and reversing the direction of the electric field. Compare your answer with the results obtained with an electron. Data From
An electron with an initial velocity of 3.1 ? 106 m/s enters a parallel-plate capacitor at an angle of 40? through a small hole in the bottom plate as shown in Figure P17.91.? (a) If the plates are
An electron gun in the picture tube of a CRT accelerates electrons from rest to a speed of 4.0 × 107 m/s along a distance of 1.0 cm. What is the magnitude of the uniform electric field used by the
Repeat Problem 88. This time, assume the charges on the Moon and the Earth are not the same magnitude, but the ratio of the charges are the same as the ratio of their masses. Find (a) The
Imagine that the Moon is locked into its orbit around the Earth by electrical forces and the gravitational force between the Earth and Moon is somehow “turned off.” (a) A charge of what
A small drop of water, measuring 0.011 mm in diameter, hangs suspended above the ground due to the Earth’s electric field (see Problem 86). How many extra electrons are on the drop of water?Data
Lightning is striking somewhere on the planet at all times of the day. This and other meteorological phenomena produce a sustained vertical electric field—pointing downward toward the center of the
A water molecule (H2O) is shaped as shown in Figure P17.85A. The hydrogen?oxygen bond length is about 9.6 ? 10-11 m, and the bond angle is ? = 104?. To a first approximation, the molecule is composed
Two very large parallel plates have charge per unit area +2.0 ?C/m2 and -2.0 ?C/m2, respectively. A small grain of pollen of mass m = 200 mg and charge q hangs by a slender thread as shown in Figure
The curves in Figure P17.83 describe the force between two charged objects as a function of the distance r between the objects. Match the curves to the following pairs of objects. Here a positive
Two infinite, parallel, charged planes have charge per unit area??1 = +3??and??2 = -?, respectively, with???> 0 (Fig. P17.82). What are the magnitude and direction of the electric field at points
Consider a half-infinite line of charge with charge per unit length l. This line begins at the origin and then goes to infinity to the left (Fig. P17.81). Find the component of the electric field in
Two infinite, parallel planes have excess charge densities σ and -2 σ. If σ > 0, what are the magnitude and direction of the electric field between the planes?
A balloon of N2 at atmospheric pressure and room temperature has a volume of 1.5 m3. What is the total charge of the electrons in the balloon?
Repeat Problem 77 for a neutron. A neutron consists of three quarks of charge +2/3 e, -1/3 e, and -1/3 e.Data From Problem 77A proton consists of three quarks of charge +2/3 e, +2/3 e, and -1/3e. The
A proton consists of three quarks of charge +2/3 e, +2/3 e, and -1/3e. The average spacing between the quarks is approximately 1.0 × 10-15 m. Assuming the quarks are arranged to form an equilateral
A sample of DNA is prepared for fingerprinting. It contains three fragments of different sizes, all having charge -8e. After a certain amount of time, the fingerprint pattern in Figure P17.76 is
Consider two fragments of DNA of radius r1 = 30 nm and r2 = 35 nm when they are coiled up as they move through a gel. An electrophoresis analysis (Fig. 17.38) is carried out to separate these two
An electrophoresis experiment is performed on two fragments of DNA with radius r1 = 20 nm and charge q1 = -5e, and r2 = 30 nm. The speed of the smaller fragment is two times greater than the speed of
Figure P17.73 shows a cylindrical capacitor; it consists of a solid metal rod of radius r1 surrounded by a metal cylinder with inner radius r2 and outer radius r3. Suppose the capacitor has length L
Consider a uniformly charged sphere with radius R and charge per unit volume ρ. (a) What is the magnitude of the electric field a distance r - R/3 from the center of the sphere? (b)
The electric flux through a large cardboard box is 500 N · m2/C. If the box is a cube whose edges are 1 m long, what is the net charge inside the box?
A spherical metal shell has charge per unit area σ and radius R. What is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance x from the surface of the sphere?
For the metal sphere in Problem 68, what is the electric field inside the sphere?Data From Problem 68Consider a solid metal sphere of radius R. An excess charge Q is placed on the sphere.
Consider a solid metal sphere of radius R. An excess charge Q is placed on the sphere. (a) How will this excess charge be distributed on the sphere? (b) Make a qualitative sketch of the
An insulating sphere has a total excess charge Q distributed uniformly throughout the sphere. Use Gauss’s law to calculate the electric field inside the sphere at a distance r from the center of
Consider the spherical Gaussian surface shown in Figure P17.66. It is situated near a point charge Q which is located a distance 2r from the center of the sphere and outside the Gaussian surface.
Consider an arrangement of eight charges Q at the corners of a cube with edges of length L. A spherical surface of radius 3L is arranged so as to completely contain these charges. What is the
A point charge q is located at the center of a cubical box with an edge length L. What is the electric flux through one face of the box?
Consider again the charged planes in Problem 62 (Fig. P17.62), but now assume the inner plane has a charge density of -10 µC/cm2 and the outer planes have charge densities +10 µC/cm2. Find the
Consider three very large, parallel planes of charge that are equally spaced as shown in Figure P17.62. These planes are insulators, and each is charged uniformly with +10 ?C on every square
Use the step-by-step approach in Problem 60 to find the electric field produced by the hollow metal cylinder with charge per unit length λ = 1.0 × 10-6 C/m in Figure P17.61. Be sure to
Consider a very long, very thin plastic rod as sketched in Figure P17.60. Assume the rod has length L = 1.0 ? 106 m and a total charge of 1.0 C distributed evenly along the rod. Your job in this
Three point charges are located near a spherical Gaussian surface of radius R (Fig. P17.59). One charge (+3Q) is inside the sphere, and the others are a distance R/3 outside the surface. What is the
A cylinder has volume V and charge density ρ (Fig. P17.58). What is the electric flux through a sphere of radius R that encloses the cylinder?Figure P17.58 V
An electric dipole is enclosed in a spherical surface. What is the electric flux through the surface?
(a) Explain how the answer to Problem 55 would change if the surface were increased in size (expanded) by a factor of two. (b) How would the answer to Problem 55 change if three more electrons
Consider an electron and the surface that encloses it in Figure P17.55. What is the electric flux through this surface? Figure P17.55 ? -e
Assume the sphere in Figure P17.52 is a piece of plastic (an insulator). How will that affect (change) the answer to Problem 52? Data From Problem 52 Consider a metal sphere onto which a large
One million electrons are placed uniformly on the surface of a solid chunk of metal shaped as shown in Figure P17.53 and then released. Suppose you wait a period of time until the electrons are in
Consider a metal sphere onto which a large number (suppose 106 or more) of extra electrons is placed (Fig. P17.52). (a) Explain how these electrons will be distributed over the interior and the
A small piece of dust of mass m = 1.0 mg travels through an electric air cleaner in which the electric field is 500 N/C. The electric force on the dust particle is equal to the weight of the
Two point charges, each of charge Q, are located on the x axis as shown in Figure P17.50. A test charge Qtest is placed on the y axis a distance??L from the origin.? (a) Where could you place another
Three point charges all with q = -8.2 C are located as shown in Figure P17.21 with L = 4.5 m. What are the magnitude and direction of the electric field? (a) At the origin and? (b) At the point y =
Five point charges, all with q = 7.5 C, are spaced equally along a semicircle as shown in Figure P17.48. If the semicircle has a radius of 2.3 m, what are the magnitude and direction of the electric
Two point particles with charges q1 and q2 are separated by a distance L as shown in Figure P17.47. The electric field is zero at point A, which is a distance L/4 from q1. What is the ratio
An electron is traveling through a region between two metal plates in which there is a constant electric field of magnitude E along the y direction as sketched in Figure P17.46. This region has a
A small, plastic sphere of mass m = 100 g is attached to a string as shown in Figure P17.45. There is an electric field of 100 N/C directed along the +x direction. If the string makes an angle ? =
Sketch the electric field lines near the two charges in Figure P17.44. Assume Q is positive.Figure P17.44 +Q х +Q
Sketch the electric field lines near the electric dipole in Figure P17.43. Assume Q is positive.Figure P17.43 -Q х +Q
An interesting (but over simplified) model of an atom pictures an electron “in orbit” around a proton. Suppose this electron is moving in a circular orbit of radius 0.10 nm (1.0 × 10 10 m) and
An electron is traveling through a region of space in which the electric field is along the +x direction and has a magnitude of 2000 N/C. What is the acceleration of the electron? Give both the
A circular ring of radius 25 cm and total charge 500 µC is centered at the origin as shown in Figure P17.40. If the charge is distributed uniformly around the ring, what is the electric field at the
A point charge with q1 = +2.5 C is located at x = -3.0 m, y = 0, and a second point charge with q2 = +4.0 C is at x = +1.0 m, y = +2.0 m. What are the components of the electric field at x = +1.0 m,
A point particle with charge q = 4.5 µC is placed on the x axis at x = -10 cm and a second particle of charge Q = 6.7 µC is placed on the x axis at x = +25 cm. (a) Determine the x and y
A point particle with charge q = 4.5 µC is placed on the x axis at x = -10 cm. A second particle of charge Q is now placed on the x axis at x = +25 cm, and it is found that the electric field at the
Find the electric field a distance of 1.0 nm from an electron. Is this field directed toward or away from the electron?
What is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance of 1.5 m from a point charge with Q = 3.5 C?
Objects of charge q1 = Q and q2 = 3Q are located on the x axis as shown in Figure P17.34.? (a) Suppose a third object of unknown charge q3 is now placed someplace on the x axis. Where should the
Two point charges are a distance L apart, and the electric force exerted by one charge on the other is FE. The charges are then moved farther apart, and the electric force between them decreases to
Consider again the dipole in Figure P17.31 with Q = 3.3 ?C. A point particle of charge 6.9 ?C is placed at location B, and the magnitude of the electric force on this particle is found to be 0.035 N.
An electric dipole is situated as shown in Figure P17.31, and the dipole charges are ±Q, with Q = 3.3 µC. A point particle with charge q is now placed at location A as shown in the figure. If
A helium nucleus contains two protons. What is the approximate magnitude of the electric force between these two protons? Is this force attractive or repulsive? The radius of this nucleus is about
The mass of a typical car is m = 1000 kg, so its weight on the Earth’s surface is mg = 9800 N. Suppose you have two containers, one with N electrons and another with N protons. These two containers
You are on vacation in an alternate universe where nearly all the laws of physics are the same as in your home universe, but you notice that the charge on an electron in the alternate universe is
Consider an electron and a proton separated by a distance of 1.0 nm. (a) What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between them? (b) What is the magnitude of the electric force
A point charge q1 = -1.5 C is at the origin, and a second point charge q2 = +5.0 C is at the point x = 1.2 m, y = 2.5 m. (a) Find the x and y coordinates of the position at which an electron
Particles of charge Q and 3Q are placed on the x axis at x = -L and x = +L, respectively. A third particle of charge q is placed on the x axis, and it is found that the total electric force on this
Two electric dipoles with charges +Q, where Q = 5.0 C, are arranged as shown in Figure P17.24. The charges??Q on the left are attached to each other by a rigid rod, and the two charges on the right
You are given two boxes containing electrons, with 1.0 g of electrons in each box. If these boxes are separated by 1.0 m, estimate the gravitational force between them. Compare this force with the
Three charges each with positive charge q are located as in Figure P17.21. What are the magnitude and direction of the force on an electron (charge -e) at the origin? Figure P17.21 ? y -L- -L- L

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