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Latest Posted Questions
Identify four private sector organize ions associated with the public accounting profession and briefly desciibe their principal activities.
Name three types of attestation reports and the type(s) of attest services to which each pertains.
Identify six public sector organizations associated with the public accounting profession and briefly describe one or two principal activities of each.
What are the roles of the Quality Control Inquiry Committee and the Public Oversight Board?
State the nine elements of a system of quality control for a CPA firm.
Describe the four components of the multilevel regulatory framework.
What is the purpose of the profession's multilevel regulatory framework?
After performing an audit, the auditor determines that 1. The financial statements of a corporation are presented fairly. 2. A company's receiving department is inefficient. 3. A company's tax return...
Cowan, an engineer, is the president of Arco Engineering. At a meeting of the board of directors, Cowan was asked to explain why audits of the company are made by (1) internal auditors, (2)...
The public accounting profession has achieved remarkable growth and stature in the United States since the beginning of this century, to the point that by the 1960s, some claimed the U.S. was the...
The accounting profession's commitment to achieving high quality in rendering professional services is demonstrated by the breadth and effectiveness of its multilevel regulatory framework. Required...
Government regulation is one component of the profession's regulatory framework. Required a. Identify the regulatory organizations involved in government regulation and indicate the primary...
The AICPA's Division for CPA Firms and Quality Review Division play important roles in the profession's self-regulation activities. Required a. The activities of these two divisions are directed...
The AICPA has established nine elements of quality control. Listed below are specific policies and procedures adopted by the CPA firm of Baily, Brown & Co.: 1. Periodic evaluations are made of...
a. What is an audit committee, what is its ideal composition, and why has there been a marked increase in their use? b. What are the functions of audit committees?
How may the typical approach the auditor should take toward management's assertions be characterized? Explain.
Identify four important groups related to a client with whom the auditor may maintain professional relationships.
Cite four factors that contribute to the need for financial statement audits?
a. Contrast accounting and auditing as to objectives, methodology, applicable standards, and responsible parties, b. What assumption underlies financial statement audits?
Prepare a brief profile of the public accounting profession in your state or other jurisdiction. You might include information such as the number of licensed practice units, the number of licensed...
Boards of accountancy administer accountancy laws in the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and each U.S. territory. For your jurisdiction (e.g., your state or the jurisdiction in which you...
Who issues International Standards on Auditing and what is their standing relative to local national standards such as the AICPA's SASs?
a. Identify the three categories of the ten generally accepted auditing standards. b. Briefly indicate the subject matter of each of the ten standards.
What are SASs, what is the process for their issuance, and in what forms are they accessible?
What is the ASB, with what organization is it affiliated, and what is its composition?
Explain how the work of a client's internal auditors might affect the work of the independent auditor and state the determining factors that should be considered.
State the wording in the opinion paragraph that differentiates each of the four types of opinions that may be expressed.
a. Identify two categories of departures from the auditor's standard report. b. Identify three types of circumstances that require a departure from the auditor's standard report and indicate the type...
How is compliance with the four standards of reporting of GAAS indicated in the auditor's standard report?
a. What are the seven basic elements of the auditor's standard report? b. What is the significance of the date of the auditor's standard report?
a. Explain the auditor's responsibility for detecting illegal client acts, b. Explain the auditor's reporting responsibilities for (1) errors and irregularities and (2) illegal client acts.
To what does the term expectation gap refer and how has the Auditing Standards Board responded to it?
How does general ethics guide human behavior?
It was noted in the chapter that in recent years several "whistleblowing'' bills had been introduced in the U.S. Congress that would require the auditor to report actual or suspected fraud and other...
During the year under audit, a client may have committed an illegal act. a. Define the term illegal act. b. What characteristics of illegal acts influence the auditor's responsibilities? c. The...
Reed, CPA, accepted an engagement to audit the financial statements of Smith Company. Reed's discussions with Smith's new management and the predecessor auditor indicated the possibility that Smith's...
Circumstances may necessitate a departure from the auditor's standard report. Required a. Indicate the two types of departures from the auditor's standard report. b. Indicate the effects on the...
The auditor's standard report contains standardized wording. Listed below are the sentences in the standard report. 1. We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards....
Indicate the alternative circumstances and effects on the auditor's report when the auditor concludes there is substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern for a...
a. What is the meaning of the term "practice of public accounting?" b. What is the meaning of the term "holding out?"
a. Identify the two sections of the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct and the two types of pronouncements related to them, b. Explain the enforceability of each of the sections and related...
What are the responsibilities of the AICPA's Professional Ethics Division?
a. What is the purpose of professional ethics? b. How are professional ethics imposed?
What are the six steps in a general framework for ethical decision making?
What is the difference between the ethical absolutists and ethical relativists schools of thought?
a. What is the significance of the Principles of the AICPA's Code? b. State the essence of the six principles in the Code.
Explain the automatic disciplinary provisions of the AICPA and the actions by members that result in application of the provisions.
What is the composition of the joint trial board, when does it become involved, and what disciplinary actions can it take?
What is the purpose of the Joint Ethics Enforcement Program (JEEP) and how does it operate?
Identify the two groups responsible for enforcement of the Rules of Conduct and indicate the maximum sanction that can be imposed by each.
a. State Rule 101Independence. b. Indicate the bodies who have issued technical standards that include a requirement that a CPA be independent.
a. What authority underlies the Rules of the Code? b. To whom and in what circumstances do the Rules apply?
For what purpose does an auditor perform analytical procedures in the final stages of the audit?
What is a management representation letter? Who usually prepares it? Who should sign it? When should it be dated? How does it differ from a management letter?
For your state, determine whether there are any laws or board of accountancy rules or regulations, other than those in a code of ethics, that deal with the matters listed below. If so, determine...
Obtain a copy of any code of ethics issued by your state society of CPAs or board of accountancy. Prepare a summary comparison of it with the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct in terms of...
Ethical standards for the profession have been published in the form of the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct. Required a. Identify and distinguish between the two sections of the Code. b. Are...
The membership of the AICPA has adopted the Code of Professional Conduct that is administered by the Institute's Professional Ethics Division. a. With the many general theories of ethics developed by...
During the course of the audit of Nature Sporting Goods for the year ended December 31, 2003, the auditor discovered the following errors (documentation references are in parentheses): 1. The...
An alfalfa co-op has an agreement with its farmers to purchase alfalfa at a.price that is currently above the existing market price. In addition, the co-op has agreed to pay the farmers interest at 2...
The auditor is auditing financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2003, and is completing the audit in early March 2004. The following situations have come to the auditors attention: 1. On...
Milton Green, CPA, is auditing the financial statements of Taylor Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2003. Green plans to complete the fieldwork and sign the auditors report about March 10,...
An auditor accepted an engagement to audit the 2003 financial statements of EFG Corporation and began the fieldwork on September 30, 2003. EFGgave the auditor the 2003 financial statements on January...
What is an internal quality review process? How can a sole public accounting practitioner accomplish the objectives of this process?
Cole & Cole, CPAs, are auditing the financial statements of Consolidated Industries Co. for the year ended December 31, 2003. On February 20, 2004, Cole asked the client to draft an inquiry letter to...
Obtain an annual report of a public company. For significant accounting policies, leases, pensions, and long-term debt, identify any disclosures that appear to be missing, and try to identify why...
What are two examples of growth opportunities proposed by the AICPAs Special Committee on Assurance Services?
Identify each of the different situations in which the auditor may report on internal controls, and the type of assurance provided in each case.
What are reportable conditions as defined for reports on internal control? What is the significance of reportable conditions to the audit of a companys annual financial statements?
What is a. A compilation? b. A review?
When is an audit firm considered to be associated with financial statements? What must the firm do when associated with financial statements?
Before issuing a report on the compilation of financial statements of a nonpublic entity, the accountant should a. Apply analytical procedures to selected financial data to discover any material...
Under which of the following circumstances would a disclaimer of opinion not be appropriate? a. The auditor is engaged after fiscal year-end and is unable to observe physical inventories or apply...
In what reporting situations covered in this chapter can an auditor provide each of the following levels of assurance? a. An opinion b. Negative/limited assurance
You are in charge of the audit of the financial statements of Parat, Inc., and consolidated subsidiaries covering the two years ended December 31, 2003. Another public accounting firm is auditing...
You are a senior auditor working for Rittenberg & Schwieger, CPAs. Your staff assistant has drafted the following audit report. You believe the scope limitation is significant enough to qualify the...
Write a report on your perceptions of the effectiveness of audit, review, and compilation reports in communicating the nature of the service and the degree of assurance provided.
You have been assigned to perform a review of a clients inventory containing microcomputers and related software. Required: a. What inquiries and analytical procedures should you perform? b. What...
The following report was drafted on October 25, 2004, by Russ Major, CPA, at the completion of the engagement to compile the financial statements of Ajax Company for the year ended September 30,...
The audit of Shylo Ranch, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2003, was completed by Stu & Dent, LLP on February 28, 2004. A recent fire destroyed the accounting records concerning the cost of...
The following auditors report was drafted by a staff accountant of Turner & Turner, CPAs, at the completion of the audit of the financial statements of Lyon Computers, Inc., for the year ended March...
Young & Young, CPAs, completed an examination of the financial statements of XYZ Company, Inc., for the year ended June 30, 2004, and issued a standard unqualified auditors report dated August 15,...
A staff auditor of Erwachen & Diamond, CPAs, has prepared the following draft of an audit report on cash basis financial statements: Accountants Report to the Shareholders of Halon Company: We have...
Compare and contrast the auditors responsibility for (1) reporting reportable conditions based on an audit of the financial statements and (2) expressing an opinion on management's assessment of its...
The auditor is auditing the Inguish Company, which has a bond indenture, dated March 26, 2001, with the Last International Bank of Chicago that contains the following covenants in paragraphs E...
Hart, CPA, has been approached by Unidyne Co. to accept an attest engagement to examine and report on management's written assertion about effectiveness of Unidynes internal controls-over financial...
Visit the AICPAs website and identify what new assurance services are being provided. Prepare a report describing the nature of those services, and include a brief description of the criteria that...
You are auditing Osakis Electronics USA, Ltd., a subsidiary of a Japanese company, and will issue an audit report covering the balance sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the income...
What are the continuing education requirements for an AICPA member in public practice?
What is meant by practice monitoring or peer review? How are the elements of quality control used in a peer review?
Why is the Rosenblum case a particularly important case in auditor liability?
What is a. A 10-K? b. A 10-Q? c. An 8-Ke
Four tests have been used by various courts in common-law decisions to determine which third-party users can successfully bring a suit against the auditor for negligence. Identify each of these...
The chapter describes societal and judicial factors that have served to increase the number of lawsuits, in general, and the number of lawsuits against auditors in particular. Identify the major...
Using the resources of your library, such as The Wall Street Journal Index, the Accountants Index, ABI Inform, and the Business Periodicals Index, prepare briefs of recent common-law cases brought...
Define and describe the following types of internal audits: a. Operational audits b. Information systems audits. c. Compliance audits d. Financial reporting and control audits e. Program and...
To whom must an internal auditor report a significant fraud? Is an internal auditor obligated to report a fraud to an appropriate outside regulatory agency? Explain.
Does the Code of Ethics for internal auditing apply to all internal auditors, whether or not they are members of the Institute of Internal Auditors?
What is value-added auditing? How does the auditor know when value is added?
Can an internal audit department provide assurance services on information systems to outside users? For example, can an internal audit department provide assurance services to a companys trading...
What major risks in financial reporting and control should be addressed by an internal audit department? How does addressing those risks improve the effectiveness of an audit committee?
What is the internal auditors unique role in financial reporting and control audits? How does the internal auditors current role differ from the historical financialaudit role?
What is a compliance audit? What areas are typically covered in a compliance audit?
What is a performance audit? What audit objectives are addressed in a performance audit?
What is a program audit? What audit objectives are addressed in a program audit?
What information should normally be included in an operational audit report? How does the evolving audit report differ from the traditional audit report?
What are some basic techniques for developing and maintaining good relations with auditees?
Why do organizations find internal audits useful? In what ways does internal auditing have a competitive advantage over external auditing?
Explain how knowledge of internal controls allows internal auditors to perform useful operational audits of an organizations technical areas, even when the auditor does not have the technical...
What are the major objectives of operational auditing? How does operational auditing differ from financial auditing?
Which of the following is not a deficiency associated with most internal audit reports? The reports a. Are not written from a risk point of view b. Are often not issued on a timely basis c. Are...
A typical objective of an operational audit is to determine whether an entitys a. Internal controls are operating as designed. b. Operational information is in accordance with governmental auditing...
What are the major trends in value-added and internal auditing?
Internal auditing is defined as an integral part of the corporate governance process. Required: a. What is the governance process? b. What special functions does internal auditing provide for the...
The major objective of an operational audit is to: a. Analyze operational areas for control deficiencies, especially those that would allow a fraud to go undetected. b. Perform trend analysis to...
The highest priority of a financial audit by an internal audit department practicing under the new definition of internal auditing would be to: a. Test the effectiveness of internal controls over...
Which of the following statements are correct regarding program and performance audits by governmental auditors? I. A program audit contains elements of an operational audit. II. A performance audit...
Consider the simple MOS op-amp circuit shown in Figure P13.1. The bias current is \(I_{Q}=200 \mu \mathrm{A}\). Transistor parameters are \(k_{n}^{\prime}=100 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^{2},...
The following are findings resulting from various audits of company employee benefit plans: 1. Piecework accountingDuring an internal audit of a wage incentive plan, an internal auditor found that...
Consider the simple bipolar op-amp circuit shown in Figure P13.2. The bias current is \(I_{Q}=0.5 \mathrm{~mA}\). Transistor parameters are \(\beta_{n}=180, \beta_{p}=120\), \(V_{B E}\) (on) \(=V_{E...
Design the circuit in Figure 13.2 such that the maximum power dissipated in the circuit is \(15 \mathrm{~mW}\) and such that the common-mode input voltage is in the range \(-3 \leq v_{C M} \leq 3...
Consider the BJT op-amp circuit in Figure P13.5. The transistor parameters are: \(\beta(\mathrm{npn})=120, \beta(\mathrm{pnp})=80, V_{A}=80 \mathrm{~V}\) (all transistors), and baseemitter turn-on...
Using the results of Problem 13.3, determine, from a computer simulation, the differential-mode voltage gain of the diff-amp and the voltage gain of the second stage of the op-amp circuit in Figure...
Consider the input stage of the 741 op-amp in Figure 13.4(b). (a) Assume the input voltages are \(V_{1}=0\) and \(V_{2}=+15 \mathrm{~V}\). Consider the B-E voltage of each transistor and determine...
For the input stage of the 741 op-amp, assume B-E breakdown voltages of \(5 \mathrm{~V}\) for the npn devices and \(50 \mathrm{~V}\) for the pnp devices. Estimate the differential input voltage at...
Consider the bias circuit portion of the 741 op-amp in Figure 13.5. Assume transistor parameters of \(I_{S}=5 \times 10^{-16} \mathrm{~A}\). Neglect base currents. (a) Redesign the circuit such that...
Consider the bias circuit shown in Figure P13.10. Let \(V^{+}=3 \mathrm{~V}\), \(V^{-}=-3 \mathrm{~V}, R_{1}=80 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(R_{E}=3.5 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Assume transistor parameters...
Repeat Problem 13.8 for bias voltages of \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\). Data From Problem 13.8:- Consider the bias circuit portion of the 741 op-amp in Figure 13.5. Assume transistor parameters of \(I_{S}=5...
The minimum recommended supply voltages for the 741 op-amp are \(V^{+}=5 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-5 \mathrm{~V}\). Using these lower supply voltages, calculate: \(I_{\mathrm{REF}}, I_{C 10}, I_{C...
An expanded circuit diagram of the 741 input stage is shown in Figure 13.6. Assume \(I_{C 10}=50 \mu \mathrm{A}\). If the current gain of the npn transistors is \(\beta_{n}=90\) and the current gain...
Consider the 741 circuit in Figure 13.3. (a) Determine the maximum range of common-mode input voltage if the bias voltages are \(\pm 15 \mathrm{~V}\). (b) Repeat part (a) if the bias voltages are...
Consider the 741 op-amp in Figure 13.3, biased with \(V^{+}=15 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-15 \mathrm{~V}\). Assume that no load is connected at the output, and let the input voltages be zero....
Consider the output stage in Figure P13.16 with parameters \(V^{+}=5 \mathrm{~V}\), \(V^{-}=-5 \mathrm{~V}, R_{L}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(I_{\text {Bias }}=80 \mu \mathrm{A}\). Assume the diode...
Consider the output stage of the 741 op-amp shown in Figure 13.8. Assume \(v_{1}=v_{2}=0\) at the input and assume the bias voltages are \(V^{+}=5 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-5 \mathrm{~V}\). Let...
Recalculate the voltage gain of the \(741 \mathrm{op}-\mathrm{amp}\) input stage if \(I_{C 10}=40 \mu \mathrm{A}\).
Assume bias voltages on the 741 op-amp of \(\pm 15 \mathrm{~V}\). (a) Determine the differential-mode voltage gain of the first stage if \(R_{1}=R_{2}=0\). (b) Determine the voltage gain of the...
Figure P13.17 shows a circuit often used to provide the \(V_{B B}\) voltage in the op-amp output stage. Assume \(I_{S}=5 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{~A}\) for the transistor, \(I_{\text {Bias }}=\) \(120...
Repeat Problem 13.20 assuming Early voltages of \(100 \mathrm{~V}\). Data From Problem 13.20:- Assume the 741 op-amp shown in Figure 13.3 is biased at \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\). Using the circuit...
Assume the 741 op-amp shown in Figure 13.3 is biased at \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\). Using the circuit parameters given in the figure and transistor parameters given in Examples 13.1, calculate the overall...
The basic bias circuit of the output transistors of the 741 op-amp is shown in Figure P13.23. (a) Sketch the small-signal equivalent circuit. (b) Assuming \(V_{A}=50 \mathrm{~V}\) and using the...
Consider the output stage of the 741 op-amp shown in Figure 13.8. Assume \(I_{\text {Bias }}=0.18 \mathrm{~mA}\) and assume transistor parameters of \(I_{S}=10^{-14} \mathrm{~A}\) and...
Calculate the output resistance of the \(741 \mathrm{op-amp}\) if \(Q_{14}\) is conducting and \(Q_{20}\) is cut off. Assume an output current of \(2 \mathrm{~mA}\).
A three-stage 741 op-amp has a low-frequency open-loop gain of 200,000 and a dominant pole frequency of \(10 \mathrm{~Hz}\). The second and third poles are at the same frequency. If the phase margin...
An op-amp that is internally compensated by Miller compensation has a unity-gain bandwidth of \(10 \mathrm{MHz}\) and a low-frequency gain of \(10^{6}\). (a) What is the dominant pole frequency? (b)...
The frequency response of a particular 741 op-amp shows that the opamp has a phase margin of 70 degrees. If a second single pole exists, in addition to the dominant pole, determine the frequency of...
(a) Determine the differential input resistance of the \(741 \mathrm{op}\)-amp when biased at \(\pm 15 \mathrm{~V}\). (b) Repeat part (a) when the op-amp is biased at \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\).
Consider the simple CMOS op-amp circuit in Figure P13.29 biased with \(I_{Q}=200 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The transistor parameters are \(k_{n}^{\prime}=100 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^{2},...
Consider the MC14573 op-amp in Figure 13.14. The dc bias currents and small-signal voltage gains were determined in Examples 13.8 and 13.9. Redesign the circuit such that the width-to-length ratio of...
A simple CMOS op-amp circuit is shown in Figure P13.30 with \(I_{Q}=\) \(100 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The transistor parameters are the same as given in Problem 13.29 except for the width-to-length ratios....
The CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14 is biased at \(V^{+}=5 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=\) \(-5 \mathrm{~V}\). Let \(R_{\mathrm{set}}=50 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Assume transistor parameters of \(V_{T N}=0.7...
Consider the basic diff-amp with active load and current biasing in Figure 13.14. Using the parameters and results of Example 13.8, determine the maximum range of common-mode input voltage under the...
For the CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14, the dc biasing is designed such that \(I_{\text {set }}=I_{Q}=I_{D Q 8}=200 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The transistor parameters are \(V_{T N}=0.5 \mathrm{~V}\), \(V_{T...
The CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14 has circuit and transistor parameters as given in Problem 13.33. Determine the compensation capacitor required such that the dominant-pole frequency is \(f_{P D}=8...
Consider the MC14573 op-amp in Figure 13.14, with circuit and transistor parameters as given in Examples 13.8 and 13.9. If the compensation capacitor is \(C_{1}=12 \mathrm{pF}\), determine the...
A simple output stage for an NMOS op-amp is shown in Figure P13.38. Device \(M_{1}\) operates as a source follower. The bias voltages are \(V^{+}=3 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-3 \mathrm{~V}\)....
Consider the CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14, with transistor and circuit parameters as given in Examples 13.8 and 13.9. Determine the output resistance \(R_{o}\) of the open-loop circuit. Data From...
Consider the three-stage CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.15. Design an allNMOS transistor current source circuit to establish \(I_{Q 1}=150 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The NMOS transistor parameters are...
The circuit in Figure P13.39 is another form of an output stage for the CMOS op-amp shown in Figure 13.15. Assume the same transistor parameters as given in Example 13.10. The width-to-length values...
Assume \(I_{\mathrm{REF}}=250 \mu \mathrm{A}\) and \((W / L)_{8}=5\) in the CMOS op-amp shown in Figure 13.15. Determine (a) the quiescent currents in \(M_{6}\) and \(M_{7}\) and (b) the overall...
The CMOS folded cascode amplifier in Figure 13.17 is to be redesigned to provide a differential voltage gain of 10,000 . The biasing is the same as described in Problem 13.42. The transistor...
The CMOS folded cascode circuit in Figure 13.17 is biased at \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\) and the reference current is \(I_{\mathrm{REF}}=50 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The transistor parameters are \(V_{T N}=0.5...
The bias current in the CMOS current-gain op-amp in Figure 13.18 is \(I_{Q}=120 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The transistor parameters are \(V_{T N}=0.5 \mathrm{~V}, V_{T P}=-0.5 \mathrm{~V}\),...
The CMOS folded cascode amplifier of Figure 13.17 is to be designed to provide a differential voltage gain of 25,000 . The maximum power dissipated in the circuit is to be limited to \(3...
Redesign the CMOS cascode current mirror in Figure 13.19 to provide a differential voltage gain of 20,000. The bias current and transistor parameters are the same as in Problem 13.46. (a) Design the...
The CMOS current gain op-amp in Figure 13.18 is to be redesigned to provide a differential voltage gain of 400 . The transistor parameters are \(V_{T N}=0.5 \mathrm{~V}, V_{T P}=-0.5 \mathrm{~V},...
A simple BiCMOS amplifier is shown in Figure P13.48. The MOS transistor parameters are \(k_{p}^{\prime}=40 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^{2}, V_{T P}=-0.4 \mathrm{~V}, \lambda=0\), and \((W /...
Consider the simple BiCMOS amplifier shown in Figure P13.49. The bipolar transistor parameters are \(\beta_{n}=\beta_{p}=120, V_{B E}\) (on) \(=V_{E B}(\) on \()=0.7 \mathrm{~V}\), \(V_{A}=\infty\),...
A BiCMOS amplifier is shown in Figure P13.50. The transistor parameters \(\operatorname{are} V_{T P}=-0.4 \mathrm{~V}, k_{p}^{\prime}=40 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^{2}, W / L=40, \lambda=0.035...
Design a BiCMOS amplifier that is complementary to the one in Figure P13.50 in that the input devices are NMOS and the load transistors are pnp. Assume transistor parameters of \(V_{T N}=0.4...
The BiCMOS folded cascode amplifier in Figure 13.20 is to be designed to provide a differential voltage gain of 25,000 . The maximum power dissipated in the circuit is to be limited to \(10...
The reference current in the BiCMOS folded cascode amplifier in Figure 13.20 is \(I_{\mathrm{REF}}=200 \mu \mathrm{A}\) and the circuit bias voltages are \(\pm 10 \mathrm{~V}\). The MOS transistor...
Consider the bias circuit portion of the CA3140 op-amp in Figure 13.22. If \(V_{B E 7}=0.6 \mathrm{~V}\) for \(Q_{7}\) and \(V_{T P}=-1.0 \mathrm{~V}\) for \(M_{8}\), determine the required value of...
If the CA3140 op-amp is biased at \(V^{+}=15 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-15 \mathrm{~V}\), determine the input common-mode voltage range. Assume B-E voltages of \(0.6 \mathrm{~V}\) for the bipolar...
Consider the CA3140 op-amp in Figure 13.21. If the bias currents change such that \(I_{C 5}=I_{C 4}=300 \mu \mathrm{A}\), determine the voltage gains of the input and second stages, and find the...
In the bias portion of the CA1340 op-amp in Figure 13.22, the bipolar transistor parameters are \(V_{B E}(\mathrm{npn})=0.6 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V_{E B}(\mathrm{pnp})=0.6 \mathrm{~V}\) and the MOSFET...
Assume the gain stage of the CA3140 op-amp is modified to include an emitter resistor, as shown in Figure 13.23. Let \(\lambda=0.02 \mathrm{~V}^{-1}\) for \(M_{10}\). If the transistor bias currents...
Consider the circuit in Figure P13.60. A JFET diff-amp input stage drives a bipolar Darlington second stage. The p-channel differential pair \(J_{1}\) and \(J_{2}\) are connected to the bipolar...
In the LF155 BiFET op-amp in Figure 13.25, the combination of \(Q_{3}, J_{6}\), and \(Q_{4}\) establishes the reference bias current. Assume the power supply voltages are \(V^{+}=10 \mathrm{~V}\) and...
Consider the BiFET differential input stage in Figure P13.61, biased with power supply voltages \(V^{+}\)and \(V^{-}\). Let \(V^{+}=-V^{-} \equiv V_{S}\). (a) Design the bias circuit such that...
Consider the input stage and bias circuit of the 741 op-amp in Figure 13.5. Transistor \(Q_{10}\) may be replaced by a constant-current source equal to \(19 \mu \mathrm{A}\). Assume: the npn devices...
The BiFET diff-amp input stage in Figure P13.61 is biased at \(I_{O 1}=1 \mathrm{~mA}\). The JFET parameters are \(V_{P}=4 \mathrm{~V}, I_{D S S}=1 \mathrm{~mA}\), and \(\lambda=0.02...
Consider the BiCMOS input stage of the CA3140 op-amp in Figure 13.21. Transistor \(Q_{5}\) can be replaced with a constant-current source of \(200 \mu \mathrm{A}\). Assume: bipolar transistor...
The output stage of the 741 op-amp is shown in Figure 13.9. Transistor \(Q_{13}\) may be replaced with a constant-current source equal to \(0.18 \mathrm{~mA}\). Use standard transistors. (a) Using a...
Consider the CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14. Assume the circuit and transistor parameters are as given in Example 13.8. In addition, let \(\lambda=\) \(0.01 \mathrm{~V}^{-1}\) for all transistors. (a)...
Redesign the CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14 to provide a minimum overall voltage gain of at least 50,000 . The bias voltages are \(V^{+}=10 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-10 \mathrm{~V}\). The threshold...
Consider the input stage and bias circuit of the 741 op-amp shown in Figure 13.5. Design a complementary circuit such that the input transistors are pnp devices, and the bias currents are \(I_{\text...
Consider the bipolar op-amp circuit in Figure P13.70. Design the circuit such that the differential gain is at least 800 , and the output voltage is zero when the input voltages are zero. The...
Consider the CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14. Design a complementary CMOS circuit in which each element is replaced by its complement. The bias voltages are \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\). The threshold voltage...
Describe the open-loop amplifier frequency response and define the unity-gain bandwidth.
How does a finite open-loop gain affect the (a) input resistance of an op-amp circuit and (b) the output resistance of an op-amp circuit? Consider the inverting and noninverting amplifiers.
How does a finite open-loop gain affect the closed-loop gains of the inverting and noninverting amplifiers?
What is a typical value of open-loop, low-frequency gain of an op-amp circuit? How does this compare to the ideal value?
List and describe five practical op-amp parameters and discuss the effect they have on op-amp circuit characteristics.
What is a typical corner frequency value, or dominant-pole frequency, in the open-loop frequency response?
What is the primary source of slew-rate limitation in an op-amp circuit?
Define slew rate and define full-power bandwidth.
Describe the gain-bandwidth product property of a closed-loop amplifier response.
Describe an offset voltage compensation technique.
What is one cause of an offset voltage in the input stage of a CMOS op-amp?
What is one cause of an offset voltage in the input stage of a BJT op-amp?
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