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chemical engineering

Questions and Answers of Chemical Engineering

Three hundred L/h of a 20 mole% C3H8?80% n-C4H10 gas mixture at 0oC and 1.1 atm and 200 L/h of a 40 mole% C3H8?60% n-C4H10 mixture at 25?C and 1.1 atm are mixed and heated to 227?C at constant
Air at 38°C and 97% relative humidity is to be cooled to 18°C and fed into a plant area at a race of 510m3/min.(a) Calculate the rate (kg/mm) at which water condenses.(b) Calculate the cooling
A mixture containing 65.0 mole% acetone (Ac) and the balance acetic acid (AA) is separated in a continuous distillation column at 1 atm. A flowchart for the operation is as follows: The overhead
Superheated steam at T1 (°C) and 10.0 bar is combined with saturated steam at T2 (°C) and 7.0 bar in a ratio (1.96 kg of steam at 10 bar) / (1.0 kg of steam at 7 bar). The product stream is at
A 2000-liter water tank can withstand pressures up to 20.0bar absolute before rupturing. At a particular time the tank contains 165.0 kg of liquid water, the fill and exit valves are closed, and the
A wet steam at 20bar with a quality of 0.97 (see Problem 7.32) leaks through a defective steam trap and expands to a pressure of 1 atm. The process can be considered to take place in two stages: a
Eight fluid ounces (1 qt = 32 oz) of a beverage in a glass at 18.0°C is to be cooled by adding ice and stirring. The properties of the beverage may be taken to be those of Liquid water. The enthalpy
A 25-g block of iron at 175°C is dropped into a liter of water in an insulated flask at 20°C and 1 atm.The specific enthalpy of iron is given by the expression H (J/g) = 17.3T (°C).(a) What
Horatio Meshuggeneh has his own ideas of how to do things. For instance, when given the task of determining an oven temperature, most people would use a thermometer. Being allergic to doing anything
A perfectly insulated cylinder fitted with a leak proof friction less piston with a mass of 30.0 kg and a face area of 400.0 cm2 contains 7.0 kg of liquid water and a 3.0-kg bar o1 aluminum. The
A rigid 5.00-liter vessel contains 4.00 L of liquid water in equilibrium with 1.00 L of water vapor at 25°C. Heat is transferred to the water by means of an immersed electrical coil. The volume of
An aqueous solution with a specific gravity of 1.12 flows through a channel with a variable cross section, data taken at two axial positions in the channel are shown here. Point 2 is 6.00 meters
A venturi meter is a device to measure fluid flow rates, which in its operation resembles the orifice meter (Section 3.2b). It consists of a tapered Constriction in a line, with pressure taps leading
Methanol is contained in a large tank under a pressure of 3.1bar absolute. When a valve on the bottom of the tank is opened, the methanol drains freely though a 1-cm ID tube whose outlet is 7.00 m
Water is to be pumped from a lake to a ranger station on the side of a mountain (see figure). The flow rate is to be 95gal/mm, and the flow channel is a standard 1-in. Schedule 40 steel pipe (ID =
Water from a reservoir passes over a dam through a turbine and discharges from a 70-cm ID pipe at a point 65 m below the reservoir surface. The turbine delivers 0.80 MW. Calculate the required flow
Cloth bag filters are used to remove particulate matter from the gases passing out through several process and boiler stacks in a large industrial plant. The bags become clogged and must be replaced
One thousand liters of a 95 wt% glycerol—5% water solution is to be diluted to 60% glycerol by adding a 35% solution pumped from a large storage tank through a 5-cm ID pipe at a steady rate. The
The specific internal energy of formaldehyde (HCHO) vapor at 1 atm and moderate temperatures is given by the formula U(J/mol) = 25.96T + O.02134T2 where T is in °C.(a) Calculate the specific
The heat capacity at constant pressure of hydrogen cyanide is given by the expression Cp[J/(mol ∙°C)] = 35.3 + 0.0291T(°C)(a) Write an expression for the heat capacity at constant volume for HCN,
The heat capacity at constant volume of hydrogen sulfide at low pressures is Cv [kJ/ (mol??C)] = 0.0252 + 1.547 x 10?5?T ? 3.012 X 10?9T2?where T is in ?C. A quantity of H2S is kept in a
Use data in Table B.2 to calculate the following:(a) The heat capacity (Cp) of liquid benzene at 40°C.(b) The heat capacity at constant pressure of benzene vapor at 40°C.(c) The heat capacity at
Estimate the specific enthalpy of steam (kJ/kg) at 350°C and 100 bar relative to steam at 100°C and 1 atm using:(a) The steam tables.(b) Table B.2 and assuming ideal gas behavior.What is the
Calculate ΔH for each of the following processes. In each case, restate your result as a specific enthalpy relative to a reference state. [The solution—which you should verify—and the
Two formulas for the heat capacity of CO are given here: Cp [cal/(mol ∙ °C)] = 6.890 + 0.001436T (°C) Cp (Btu/(lb-mole∙°F)] = 6.864 + 0.0007978T (°F) Starting with the first formula, derive
Table B.2 lists values of the heat capacity of liquid ethanol at two temperatures. Use the tabulated values to derive a linear expression for Cp (T); then use the derived expression and data in Table
Chlorine gas is to be heated from 100°C and 1 atm to 200°C.(a) Calculate the heat input (kW) required to heat a stream of the gas flowing at 5.0 k mol/s at constant pressure.(b) Calculate the heat
The heat required to raise the temperature of m (kg) of a liquid from T1 to T2 at constant pressure is in high school and in first-year college physics courses, the formula is usually given as(a)
The heat capacities of a substance have been defined as use the defining relationship between H and U and the fact that H and U for ideal gases are functions only of temperature to prove that Cp = Cv
Ralph Rack straw your next-door neighbor, surprised his wife last January by having a hot tub installed in their back yard while she was away on a business trip. It surprised her, all right, but
Use tabulated specific enthalpies from Tables B.8 and 8.9 to calculate A for the following processes, all taking place at low pressures:(a) N2 (25°C) —b N2 (700°C) (c) CO2 (300°C) → CO2
Calculate the rate of cooling (kW) required to bring 300 kg/mm of carbon monoxide from 450°C to 50°C, performing the calculation(a) Using Table B.2 and(b) Using Table B.8. Considering how much
A stream of water vapor flowing at a rate of 250mol/h is brought from 600°C and 10bar to 100°C and 1 atm.(a) Estimate the required cooling rate (kW) three ways: (I) from the steam tables (ii) using
A stream of air at 77°F and 1.2 atm absolute flowing at a rate of 200 ft’/h is blown through ducts that pass through the interior of a large industrial motor. The air emerges at 500°F. Using
Calculate the heat required to raise 50 kg of solid sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) from 10°C to 50°C at 1atm using(a) The true heat capacity of Na2CO3, which is 1.14 kJ / (kg ∙°C).(b) A heat capacity
A liquid mixture of 30 wt% acetone and 70wt% 2-methyl-l-pentanol (C6H14O) is cooled from 45°C to 20°C. Calculate the associated specific enthalpy change in J/g, using Kopp’s rule to estimate any
A gas mixture contains one-third methane by volume (recall what that means in terms of mole %) and the balance oxygen at 350°C and 3.0 bar. Calculate the specific enthalpy of this stream in kJ/kg
The radiant energy incident on the earth’s surface on a sunny day is roughly 900 W/m2. Collecting and focusing sunlight and using the focused beam to heat a fluid is an old idea, and as the
Propane is to be burned with 15.0% excess air. Before entering the furnace, the air is preheated from 32°F to 575°F. At what rate (Btu/h) must heat be transferred to the air if the feed rate of
A fuel gas containing 95 mole% methane and the balance ethane is burned completely with 25% excess air. The stack gas leaves the furnace at 900°C and is cooled to 450°C in a waste heat boiler, a
Twenty liters of liquid n-propyl benzoate (C6H5CO2C3H7, SG = 1021) and 15 liters of liquid benzene are mixed and heated from 25°C to 75°C. Calculate the required heat input (kJ), using Kopp’s
Propane gas enters a continuous adiabatic heat exchanger? at 40?C and 250 kPa and exits at 240?C superheated steam at 300?C and 5.0 bar enters the exchanger flowing counter currently to the propane
Saturated steam at 300°C is used to heat a counter currently flowing stream of methanol vapor from 65°C to 260°C in an adiabatic heat exchanger. The flow rate of the methanol is 5500 standard
An adiabatic membrane separation unit is used to dry (remove water vapor from) a gas mixture containing 10.0 mole% H2O (v), 10.0 mole% CO. and the balance CO2. The gas enters the unit at 30°C and
A gas containing water vapor has a dry-basis composition of 8.5 mole% CO. 10.5% CO2, 0.5% O2, and 80.5% N2. The gas leaves a catalyst regeneration unit at 620°C and 1 atm with a dew point of 57°C
On a cold winter day the temperature is 2°C and the relative humidity is 15%. You inhale air at an average rate of 5500mL/min and exhale a gas saturated with water at body temperature, roughly
Seventy-five liters of liquid ethanol at 70.0°C and 55 L of liquid water at 20.0°C are to be mixed in a well-insulated flask. The energy balance for this constant pressure process is Q = ΔH.(a)
A stream of air at 500°C and 835torr with a dew point of 30°C flowing at a rate of 1515 L/s is to be cooled in a spray cooler. A fine mist of liquid water at 25°C is sprayed into the hot air at a
In the manufacture of nitric acid, ammonia and preheated air are mixed to form a gas containing 10.0 mole% NH3 at 600°C. The ammonia is then catalytically oxidized to form NO2, which is absorbed in
A natural gas containing 95 mole% methane and the balance ethane is burned with 20.0% excess air. The stack gas which contains no unburned hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide leaves the furnace at 900?C
The heat capacity at constant pressure of a gas is determined experimentally at several temperatures, with the following results: (a) Calculate the heat (kW) required to raise 150 molls of the gas
As part of a design calculation, you must evaluate an enthalpy change for an obscure organic vapor that is to be cooled from 1800°C to 150°C in a heat exchanger. You search through all the standard
A stream of ethylene glycol vapor at its normal boiling point and 1 atm flowing at a rate of 175 kg/mm is to be condensed at constant pressure. The product stream from the condenser is liquid glycol
(a) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/mol) of n-hexane vapor at 200°C and 2.0 atm relative to n-hexane liquid at 20°C and 1.0 atm, assuming ideal gas behavior for the vapor. Show clearly the
Calculate the heat of vaporization of water (kJ/mol) at 50°C and low pressures from the tabulated heat of vaporization in Table B.1 and data in Table B.2 and Table B.8. Show clearly the process path
Benzene vapor at 580°C is cooled and converted to a liquid at 25°C in a continuous condenser. The condensate is drained into 1.75-rn3 drums, each of which takes 2.0 minutes to fill. Calculate the
In gas adsorption a vapor is transferred from a gas mixture to the surface of a solid. (See Section 6.7) An approximate but useful way of analyzing adsorption is to treat it simply as condensation of
If carbon dioxide is cooled at I atm. it condenses directly to a solid (dry ice) at —78.4°C. The heat of sublimation at this temperature is ΔH sub (–78.4°C) = 6030 cal/mol.(a) Calculate the
Molten sodium chloride is to be used as a constant-temperature bath for a high-temperature chemical reactor. Two hundred kilograms of solid NaC1 at 300 K is charged into an insulated vessel, and a
Estimate the heat of vaporization of ethyl benzene at its normal boiling point using Trouton’s rule and Chen’s rule and compare the results with a tabulated value of this quantity. Then estimate
You are writing energy balances for a compound for which you cannot find heat capacity or latent heat data. All you know about the material are its molecular formula (C7H12N) and that it is a liquid
Estimate the heat of vaporization (kJ/mol) of benzene at a pressure of 100 mm Hg, using each of the following correlations and data:(a) The heat of vaporization at the normal boiling point given in
A stream of pure cyclopentane vapor flowing at a rate of 1550 L/s at 150°C and 1 atm enters a cooler in which 55% of the feed is condensed at constant pressure.(a) What is the temperature at the
Humid air at 50°C and 1.0 atm with 2°C of super heat is fed to a condenser. Gas and liquid streams leave the condenser in equilibrium at 20°C and 1 atm.(a) Assume a basis of calculation of 100 mol
An air conditioner cools 226m3/min of humid air at 36°C and 98% relative humidity to 10°C.(a) Do a degree-of-freedom analysis to prove that enough information is available to determine the required
A gas stream containing n-hexane in nitrogen with a relative saturation of 90% is fed to a condenser at 75°C and 3.0 atm absolute. The product gas emerges at 0°C and 3.0 atm at a rate of 746.7m3/h.
A gas stream containing acetone in air flows from a solvent recovery unit at a rate of 142L/s at 150?C and 1.3 atm. The stream flows into a condenser which liquefies most of the acetone, and the
A mixture of n-hexane vapor and air leaves a solvent recovery unit and flows through a 70-cm diameter duct at a velocity of 3.00 m/s. At a sampling point in the duct the temperature is 40°C, the
An Equimolar liquid mixture of n-pentane and n-hexane at 80?C and 5.00 atm is fed into a flash evaporator at a rate of 100.0mol/s. When the feed is exposed to the reduced pressure in the evaporators
A liquid stream containing 50.0mole% benzene and the balance toluene at 25°C is fed to a continuous single-stage evaporator at a rate of 1320 mol/s. The liquid and vapor streams leaving the
The off-gas from a reactor in a process plant in the heart of an obscure banana republic has been condensing and plugging up the vent line, causing a dangerous pressure buildup in the reactor. Plans
A sheet of cellulose acetate film containing 5.00wt% liquid acetone enters an adiabatic dryer where 90% of the acetone evaporates into a stream of dry air flowing over the film. The film enters the
Saturated propane vapor at 2.00 x 102psia is fed to a well-insulated heat exchanger at a rate of 3.00 x 103 SCFH (standard cubic feet per hour). The propane leaves the exchanger as a saturated liquid
An aqueous slum? at 30?C containing 20.0 wt% solids is fed to an evaporator in which enough water is vaporized at 1 atm to produce a product slurry containing 35.0 wt% solids. Heat is supplied to the
A mixture that contains 46 wt% acetone (CH3COCH3), 27% acetic acid (CH3COOH), and 27% acetic anhydride [(CH3CO) 2O] is distilled at P = 1 atm. The feed enters the distillation column at T = 348 K at
A double-effect evaporator (two evaporators in series) is used to produce fresh water from seawater containing 3.5 wt% dissolved salts. A flowchart for the process is shown here. Seawater enters the
A liquid is placed in a well-insulated container, which is then sealed. Initially, the container and its contents (the Liquid and pure nitrogen) are at 93?C and 1 atm: the liquid volume is 70cm3, and
A small pharmaceutical firm plans to manufacture a new drug and has hired you as a consultant to design a condenser to remove the drug from a gas—vapor mixture. The mixture, which contains 20 mole%
Freeze drying is a technique for dehydrating substances at low temperatures, thereby avoiding the degradation that may accompany heating. The material to be dried is cooled to a temperature at which
Freeze concentration is used to produce a fruit-juice concentrate. A stream of fresh juice containing 12 wt% soluble solids in water at 20°C is combined with a recycle stream to form a
A mixture containing 35.0 mole% n-butane and the balance isobutene at 10°C enters a he3t exchanger at a rate of 24.5k mol/h and a pressure high enough for the mixture to be a liquid. The exchanger
A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene containing 50.0 wt% benzene at 90°C and pressure P0 is fed at a rate of 32.5 m3!h into a flash evaporator, a heated tank maintained at a pressure P 4 P0. When
A saturated vapor stream containing 10.9 mole% propane, 75.2% isobutene, and 13.9% n-butane passes from the top of a distillation column to a total condenser seventy-five percent of the condensate is
Formaldehyde is produced from methanol in a catalytic oxidation reactor. The following reactions take place: CH3OH HCHO + H2 2H2 + O2 —2H2OA stream of methanol is joined by a recycle stream, also
The latest weather report states that the temperature is 24°C and the relative humidity is 50%.(a) Use the psychometric chart to estimate the absolute humidity, humid volume, specific enthalpy,
An open vessel containing 0.205lbm of liquid water is placed in an empty room 5 ft wide. 4 ft deep and 7 ft high which initially contains dry air at 90°F all the water evaporates without changing
A sling psychomotor is a device to measure the humidity of air. A porous cloth (the wick) is wrapped around the bulb of a mercury thermometer, which is then whirled around in the air. As the water in
Humid air is enclosed in a 2.00-liter flask at 40°C. The flask is slowly cooled. When the temperature reaches 20°C, drops of moisture become visible on the flask wall. Although the pressure in the
Wet solids pass through a continuous dryer. Hot dry air enters the dryer at a rate of 400 kg/min and picks up the water that evaporates from the solids. Humid air leaves the dryer at 50°C containing
On an uncomfortable summer day, the air is at 87?F and 80% relative humidity. A laboratory air conditioner is to deliver 1.00 x 103 ft3/min of air at 55?F in order to maintain the interior air at an
Wet wood chips are dried in a continues rotary dryer that operates at atmospheric pressure. The chips enter at 19°C with a water content of 40 wt% and must leave with a moisture content of less than
Air at 45°C (dry bulb) and 10% relative humidity is to be humidified adiabatically to 60% relative humidity.(a) Use the psychometric chart to estimate the adiabatic saturation temperature of the
Air at 50°C with a dew point of 4°C enters a textile dryer at a rate of 11.3m3/min and leaves saturated. The dryer operates adiabatically. Use the psychometric chart to determine the absolute
A solution of sugar in water is to be concentrated from 5 wt% sugar to 20% sugar. The solution is at about 45?C when it is fed continuously to a bubble column. Air at 45?C with a dew point of 4?C is
Cold air at 20°F, 760 mm Hg pressure and 70% relative humidity is conditioned by being passed through a bank of heatin2 coils, then through a water spray and finally through a second set of heating
Spray cooling is a technique for cooling and either humidifying or dehumidifying air by contacting it with a liquid water spray. The liquid water leaving the tower is re-circulated and, in the case
The heat of solution of ammonia in water at 1 atm is ΔHs (25°C, r = 2 mol H2O/mol NH3) = —78.2 kJ/mol Calculate the enthalpy change that accompanies the dissolution of 400 mol of NH3 in 800 mol
Use Table B.11 to determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/mol HCI) of hydrochloric acid containing 1 mol HC1/5 mol H2O at 25°C relative to:(a). HCI (g) and H2O (l) at 25°C.(b). H2O (1) and an
Sodium hydroxide is dissolved in enough water to make up a 20.0 mole% solution. If the NaOH and water are initially at 77°F (25°C), how much heat (Btu/lb product solution) must be removed for the
A sulfuric acid solution is labeled 8N (where IN = 1 g-equivalent /L, and I mol of H2SO4 contains two g-equivalents). The specific gravity of the solution is 1.230, and its heat capacity is 3.00 J/

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