Questions and Answers of Logic And Computer Design Fundamentals

The following binary numbers have a sign in the leftmost position and, if negative, are in 2s complement form. Perform the indicated arithmetic operations and verify the answers.(a) 100111 +
Design two versions of the combinational circuit whose input is a 4-bit number and whose output is the 2s complement of the input number, for each of the following cases using AND, OR, and NOT
Using Figure 3-31 as a guide, write a structural Verilog description for the fulladder circuit in Figure 3-58. Compile and simulate your description. Apply all eight input combinations to check the
Compile and simulate the 4-bit adder in Figures 3-47 and 3-48. Apply combinations that check out the rightmost full adder for all eight input combinations; this also serves as a check for the other
Use contraction beginning with a 4-bit adder with carry out to design a 4-bit increment-by-2 circuit with carry out that adds the binary value 0010 to its 4-bit input. The function to be implemented
Use contraction beginning with an 8-bit adder–subtractor without carry out to design an 8-bit circuit without carry out that increments its input by 000000101 for input S = 0 and decrements its
Design a combinational circuit that compares two 4-bit unsigned numbers A and B to see whether B is greater than A. The circuit has one output X, so that X = 1 if A < B and X = 0 if A ≥ B.
Using Figure 3-49 as a guide and a “when-else” on S from Figure 3-29, write a high-level behavior VHDL description for the adder–subtractor in Figure 3-46 (see Figure 3-45 for details). Compile
Repeat Problem 3-59 by using three-input, one-output circuits, one for each of the four bits. The four circuits are connected together in cascade by carrylike signals. One of the inputs to each cell
Compile and simulate the behavioral description of the 4-bit adder in Figure 3-49. Assuming a ripple carry implementation, apply combinations that check out the rightmost full adder for all eight
Repeat Problem 3-59 by applying contraction to a 4-bit subtractor and using the borrow out as X.Problem 3-59Design a combinational circuit that compares two 4-bit unsigned numbers A and B to see
Design a combinational circuit that compares 4-bit unsigned numbers A and B to see whether A = B or A > B. Use an iterative circuit as in Problem 3-60.Problem 3-60Repeat Problem 3-59 by using
Design a 5-bit signed-magnitude adder–subtractor. Divide the circuit for design into (1) sign generation and add–subtract control logic, (2) an unsigned number adder–subtractor using 2s
Using Figure 3-51 as a guide and a “binary decision” on S from Figure 3-34, write a high-level behavior Verilog description for the adder–subtractor in Figure 3-46 (see Figure 3-45 for
Perform a manual or computer- based logic simulation similar to that given in Figure 4-5 for the SR latch with control input C in Figure 4-7. In particular, examine the behavior of the circuit when S
Compile and simulate the 4-bit adder in Figure 3-50. Apply combinations that check out the rightmost full adder for all eight input combinations; this also serves as a check for the other full
Compile and simulate the behavioral description of the 4-bit adder in Figure 3-51. Assuming a ripple carry implementation, apply all eight input combinations to check out the rightmost full adder.
Perform a manual or computer- based logic simulation similar to that given in Figure 4-5 for the S̅R̅ latch shown in Figure 4-6. Construct the input sequence, keeping in mind that changes in state
A popular alternative design for a positive- edge- triggered D lip- lop is shown in Figure 4-47. Manually or automatically simulate the circuit to determine whether its functional behavior is
A sequential circuit with two D lip- lops A and B, one input Y, and one output Z is specified by the following input equations:(a) Draw the logic diagram of the circuit.(b) Derive the state
Clock and D waveforms, a D latch and an edge- triggered D lip- lop are shown in Figure 4-48. For both the latch and the lip- lop, carefully sketch the output waveform, Qi, obtained in response to the
Draw the state diagram of the sequential circuit specified by the state table in Table 4-14. Present State A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Inputs X 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
A sequential circuit has one lip-lop Q, two inputs X and Y, and one output S. The circuit consists of a D lip-lop with S as its output and logic implementing the functionwith D as the input to the D
Starting from state 00 in the state diagram of Figure 4-15(a), determine the state transitions and output sequence that will be generated when an input sequence of 10011011110 is applied.Figure 4-15
A sequential circuit has three D lip- lops A, B, and C, and one input X. The circuit is described by the following input equations:(a) Derive the state table for the circuit.(b) Draw two state
A sequential circuit has two D lip- lops, one input X, and one output Y. The logic diagram of the circuit is shown in Figure 4-49. Derive the state table and state diagram of the circuit.Figure 4-49
A sequential circuit is given in Figure 4-13.Figure 4-13(a) Add the necessary logic and/or connections to the circuit to provide an asynchronous reset to state A = 1, B = 0 for signal Reset =
Design a sequential circuit with two D lip- lops A and B and one input X. When X = 0, the state of the circuit remains the same. When X = 1, the circuit goes through the state transitions from 00 to
The state diagram for a sequential circuit appears in Figure 4-50.Figure 4-50(a) Find the state table for the circuit.(b) Make a state assignment for the circuit using 2-bit codes and find the
The state diagram for a sequential circuit appears in Figure 4-51.Figure 4-51(a) Find the state table for the circuit.(b) Make a state assignment for the circuit using 3-bit codes for the six
The circuit given in Figure 4-52 is to be redesigned to cut its cost.(a) Find the state table for the circuit and replace the state codes with single- letter identiiers. States 100 and 111 were
A serial odd parity generator is to be designed. A binary sequence of arbitrary length is presented to the parity generator on input X. When a given bit is presented on input X, the corresponding odd
A Universal Serial Bus (USB) communication link requires a circuit that produces the sequence 00000001. You are to design a synchronous sequential circuit that starts producing this sequence for
Repeat Problem 4-20 for the sequence 01111110 that is used in a different communication network protocol.Problem 4-20:A Universal Serial Bus (USB) communication link requires a circuit that produces
Repeat Problem 4-23, designing a sequential circuit that transforms an NRZI message into a normal message. The mapping for such a circuit is as follows:(a) If a change from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0
A sequential circuit has two lip- lops A and B, one input X, and one output Y. The state diagram is shown in Figure 4-54. Design the circuit with D lip- lops using a one- hot state
A computer has no stack, but instead uses register R7 as a link register (i.e., the computer stores the return address in R7).(a) Show the register transfers for a branch and link
Draw the execution diagram for the program in Problem 10-12, assuming the combination of the RISC CPU with branch prediction in Figure 10-17 and the RISC CPU with data forwarding in Figure
Design the address control logic described by Table 10-5 by using AND gates, OR gates, and inverters.Table 10-5 Address Control MZ Inputs MZ MI 11 01 X 11 01 X 11 01 X 11 01 X OX 01 X XO 01 X X XX 00
Explain how a DDRAM achieves a data rate that is a factor of two higher than a comparable SDRAM.
A pair of signals Request (R) and Acknowledge (A) is used to coordinate transactions between a CPU and its I/O system. The interaction of these signals is often referred to as a “handshake.”
A serial leading- 1s detector is to be designed. A binary integer of arbitrary length is presented to the serial leading- 1s detector, most significant bit first, on input X. When a given bit is
The state table for a 3-bit twisted ring counter is given in Table 4-15. This circuit has no inputs, and its outputs are the uncomplemented outputs of the lip- lops. Since it has no inputs, it
Do an automatic logic simulation- based verification of your design in Problem 4-14. The input sequence used in the simulation should include all transitions in Figure 4-50. The simulation output
Generate a verification sequence for the circuit described by the state table in Table 4-14. To reduce the length of the simulation sequence, assume that the simulator can handle X inputs and use
Design the circuit specified by Table 4-14 and use the sequence from Problem 4-31 (either yours or the one posted on the text website) to perform an automatic logic simulation- based verification of
The state table for a sequential circuit is given in Table 4-16.(a) Draw the state diagram for the circuit.(b) Implement the circuit using D lip- lops and minimal input functions for each lip- lop.
Find a state-machine diagram that is equivalent to the state diagram in Figure 4-55. Reduce the complexity of the transition conditions as much as possible. Attempt to make outputs unconditional by
Design the sequential circuit for the state- machine diagram from Problem 4-35. Use a one- hot state assignment, D lip- lops and AND gates, OR gates, and inverters.Problem 4-35:Find a state-machine
(a) Verify that the transitions in the state- machine diagram in Figure 4-27 obey the two transition conditions for state diagrams.(b) Repeat part(a) for the state-machine diagram in Figure
Design a new type of positive-edge-triggered lip-lop called the LH lip-lop. It has a clock C, a data input D, and a load input L. If, at the positive edge of C, L equals 1, then the data on D is
You are to find the state- machine diagram for the following electronic vending-machine specification. The vending machine sells jawbreaker candy, one jawbreaker for 25¢. The machine accepts N
Write a gate- level structural VHDL description for the circuit from Problem 4-11. Use the VHDL model for a D lip- lop from Figure 4-29. Use the package func_prims in library lcdf_vhdl for the logic
You are to find the state- machine diagram for the following electronic vending- machine specification. The vending machine sells soda for $1.50 per bottle. The machine accepts only D ($1 bills) and
Write a behavioral VHDL description for the circuit from Problem 4-11 using a process to describe the state diagram.Problem 4-11:A sequential circuit has two D lip- lops, one input X, and one output
Although this chapter has introduced VHDL processes to describe sequential circuits, combinational circuits can also be described using processes. Write a VHDL description for the multiplexer in
Repeat Problem 4-42 by using a VHDL process containing if- then- else statements.Problem 4-42:Although this chapter has introduced VHDL processes to describe sequential circuits, combinational
Write a VHDL description for the sequential circuit with the state diagram given by Figure 4-19(d). Include an asynchronous RESET signal to initialize the circuit to state Init. Compile your
Write a VHDL description for the circuit specified in Problem 4-14.Problem 4-14:The state diagram for a sequential circuit appears in Figure 4-50.Figure 4-50: XX/Z 00/0, 11/0 Reset 00/1,01/0 10/1,
Write a VHDL description for the state- machine diagram for the batch mixing system derived in Example 4-10.Example 4-10:A mixing system for large batches of liquids is designed to add up to three
Write a VHDL description for the circuit specified in Problem 4-15.Problem 4-15:The state diagram for a sequential circuit appears in Figure 4-51.Figure 4-51: Input X Output Z Reset 1 A 0 0 0 0 E 1 0
Write a gate- level structural Verilog description for the circuit from Problem 4-11. Use the Verilog model for a D lip- lop from Figure 4-33.Problem 4-11:A sequential circuit has two D lip- lops,
Write a VHDL description for the state- machine diagram for the jawbreaker vending machine described in Problem 4-38. You may obtain the state- machine diagram by either solving Problem 4-38 or
Write a behavioral Verilog description for the circuit from Problem 4-11 using a process to describe the state diagram.Problem 4-11:A sequential circuit has two D lip- lops, one input X, and one
Repeat Problem 4-51 by using a Verilog process containing if- else statements.Problem 4-51:Although this chapter has introduced Verilog processes to describe sequential circuits, combinational
Although this chapter has introduced Verilog processes to describe sequential circuits, combinational circuits can also be described using processes. Write a Verilog description for the multiplexer
Write a Verilog description for the sequential circuit given by the state diagram in Figure 4-19(d). Include an asynchronous RESET signal to initialize the circuit to state Init. Compile your
Write a Verilog description for the circuit speciied in Problem 4-14.Problem 4-14The state diagram for a sequential circuit appears in Figure 4-50.Figure 4-50: XX/Z 00/0, 11/0 Reset 00/1,01/0 10/1,
Write a Verilog description for the state-machine diagram for the batch mixing system derived in Example 4-10.Example 4-10:A mixing system for large batches of liquids is designed to add up to three
Write a Verilog description for the circuit speciied in Problem 4-15.Problem 4-14:The state diagram for a sequential circuit appears in Figure 4-50.Figure 4-50: XX/Z 00/0, 11/0 Reset 00/1,01/0 10/1,
A set of waveforms applied to two D lip- lops is shown in Figure 4-56. These waveforms are applied to the lip- lops shown along with the values of their timing parameters.Figure 4-56(a) List the
Write a Verilog description for the state- machine diagram for the jawbreaker vending machine derived in Problem 4-38. You may obtain the state- machine diagram by either solving Problem 4-38 or
A sequential circuit is shown in Figure 4-49. The timing parameters for the gates and lip- lops are as follows:Figure 4-49:(a) Find the longest path delay from an external circuit input passing
Repeat Problem 4-59, assuming that the circuit consists of two copies of the circuit in Figure 4-49 with input X of the second circuit copy driven by output Y of the first circuit copy.Problem 4-59A
Write a gate- level HDL description of the circuit from Problem 4-59 including delays for each component. Show that the circuit operates incorrectly when operated at a frequency greater than the
Find the Boolean function that corresponds to the closed paths through each of the given switch model networks in Figure 5-14.Figure 5-14 A: A C: C D:D (a) B: B A: A C: C (b) B: B D: D
Find the CMOS switch model networks for the following functions:(a) 3-input NAND gate.(b) 4-input NOR gate.
An integrated circuit logic family has NAND gates with a fan- out of eight standard loads and buffers with a fan- out of 16 standard loads. Sketch a schematic showing how the output signal of a
(a) Given a 256 х 8 ROM chip with an enable input, show the external connections necessary to construct a 1K х 16 ROM with eight chips and a decoder.(b) How many 256 х 8 ROM chips would be
Tabulate the truth table for an 8 х 3 ROM that implements the following four Boolean functions: A(X,Y,Z) = m(0,6,7) B(X,Y,Z) = m(1,2,3,4,5)
A 32 х 8 ROM converts a 6-bit binary number to its corresponding two-digit BCD number. For example, binary 100001 converts to BCD 0011 0011 (decimal 33). Specify the truth table for the ROM.
Obtain the PLA equations for programming the four Boolean functions listed in Problem 5–7. Minimize the number of product terms. Be sure to attempt to share product terms between functions that are
Specify the size of a ROM (number of words and number of bits per word)that will accommodate the truth table for the following combinational circuit components:(a) A 16-bit ripple carry adder with
The following is the truth table of a three- input, four- output combinational circuit. Obtain the equations for programming the PAL device shown in Figure 5-10.Figure 5-10 X 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Inputs Y
Derive the PLA equations for the combinational circuit that squares a 3-bit number. Minimize the number of product terms. If necessary to reduce product terms, share product terms between functions
List the PLA equations for programming a BCD–to–excess-3 code converter. If necessary to reduce product terms, share product terms between functions that are not prime implicants of individual
The following equations are to be implemented in the PAL device shown in Figure 5-10. Find the equations for programming the PAL.Figure 5-10 F = AB + CD + ABCD + ABC + ABCD G = AB + BCD + BCD + ABC
Repeat Problem 5-10, using a PAL device.Problem 5-10List the PLA equations for programming a BCD–to–excess-3 code converter. If necessary to reduce product terms, share product terms between
Use Shannon’s expansion theorem to express the following functions in terms of C and C̅. (a) F(A,B,C) (b) F(A,B,C) = AB + BC + AC = m(0,2,3,5,6)
For the programmable logic block shown in Figure 5-13, show the necessary configuration settings to implement each of the following types of circuits. You can assume that the upper data input of each
Implement the Moore state machine described by the following state table using the programmable logic block shown in Figure 5-13. Your answer should include the coniguration bits for the logic
(a) Design a 4-LUT using only 2-LUTs and 2-to-1 multiplexers.(b) Implement the function F = AB + C̅D + AB̅C + A̅BCD + AB̅C̅D̅ using the 4-LUT from (a).
For the programmable logic block shown in Figure 5-13, what functions should be entered into the 2-LUTs to implement a 1-bit 2s complement subtractor performing the operation a - b?Figure 5-13 b
Assume that registers R1 and R2 in Figure 6-6 hold two unsigned numbers. When select input X is equal to 1, the adder–subtractor circuit performs the arithmetic operation “R1 + 2s complement of
Perform the bitwise logic AND, OR, and XOR of the two 8-bit operands 10011001 and 11000011.
Starting from the 8-bit operand 11001010, show the values obtained after applying each shift microoperation given in Table 6-5.Table 6-5 Examples of Shifts Type Shift left Shift right Symbolic
Given the 16-bit operand 10101100 01010011, what operation must be performed and what operand must be used:(a) Clear all odd bit positions to 0? (Assume bit positions are 15 through 0 from left to
Modify the register of Figure 6-11 so that it will operate according to the following function table, using mode selection inputs S1 and S0:Figure 6-11 S So D S So 0 - 2 3 MUX D D D C Clock (a)
A switch-tail counter (also called twisted ring counter, Johnson counter) uses the complement of the serial output of a right shift register as its serial input.(a) Starting from an initial state of
How many lip-lop values are complemented in an 8-bit binary ripple counter to reach the next count value after:(a) 11111111?(b) 01100111?(c) 01010110

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